Abstract
Goal. Scientific-theoretical justification and development of the comparative base model of physical-chemical state of the soil layer for the conditions of reproduction of fertility of degraded chernozem for long-term use of organic and intensive fertilizer systems using the by-products of crops as organic fertilizer for growing crops in short-time grain-cultivated crop rotation in conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical, comparative calculation. Results. A more close functional link is established between the humus content, relevant, hydrolytic acidity, and sum of accumulated bases in meter thick layer of degraded chernozem at the use of organic fertilizer system in comparison with intensive fertilizer system. The determination coefficient between the humus content and physical-chemical indicators is 56–72%. At the use of intensive fertilizer systems, it makes 48–55%, which is provided by the strengthening of the processes of regradation in the meter-thick layer of chernozem. It is also manifested in the increase of the boiling line of CaCO3, which is located at the depth of 55–60 cm from the soil surface (65–70 cm — at intensive fertilizer system). Conclusions. High values of the sum of accumulated bases for the top of the typical values may be associated with the presence of carbonates in the lower part of the meter depth layer, which number is growing in the organic fertilizer system: there is a strengthening regradation process. On average over 2016–2019, high performance for the yield of grain, forage, feed-protein units and digestible protein in the organic system had the winter wheat: 5.51 t/ha, 7.05, 6.52, and 0.92 t/ha, respectively; or 90–92% of the out at use of intensive fertilizer system. The coefficient of variation of grain crop yield in the organic fertilizer system was lower, except for the yield of barley compared with the intensive fertilizer system — 7.95%, against 10.5%.
Highlights
One of the most important properties of chernozem in the podzolic Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is its fertility, which is formed in the process of soil formation and is characterized by the totality of all its indicators
In the scientific literature [3,4,10,11] you can often find a description of the relationship between the individual properties of chernozems, but there is no comprehensive assessment of the relationship with fertility, which is very relevant for the development of soil fertility, its regulation and optimization when managing the functioning of agrocenoses under different fertilizer systems
It is established that the functional relationship between the humus content, actual, hydrolytic acidity and the sum of absorbed bases in the meter thickness of chernozem podzolized by the organic fertilizer system is closer in comparison with the intensive fertilizer system: the coefficients of determination between the humus content and physicochemical parameters is 56-72%, while with the intensive fertilizer system - 48-55%, which is provided by strengthening the processes of degradation of one meter of chernozem and is manifested in increasing boiling point CaCO3, which is at a depth of 55-60 cm from the soil surface against 65-70 cm with an intensive fertilizer system
Summary
Note: * Std.Dev-standard deviation; ** Coef.Var.,% – coefficient of variation,%; L0.75- L0.25 – lower and upper quantiles. At 10% level, the content of mobile phosphorus was 10-68 mg/100 g of soil and was 1.2 times narrowed relative to the intensive fertilizer system. The coefficient of variation of the content of mobile phosphorus in the intensive fertilizer system was 1.2 times higher than in the organic fertilizer system, which indicates its lower content at the maximum typical values. An inverse correlation (R = -0.76-0.85 ± 0.03) is established between the sum of the absorbed bases and the humus content in the meter thickness of chernozem, and 0.26% decrease in the content per unit of growth S, regardless of the fertilizer system. 3. The relationship between the humus content, mobile phosphorus and physicochemical parameters in the meter thickness of chernozem podzolic strongly degraded by different fertilizer systems
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