Перспективи вирощування біоенергетичних культур на осушуваних торфових ґрунтах Західного Полісся в умовах кліматичних змін

Abstract

Goal. To identify the most promising types of bioenergy crops, and explore the potential of their productivity on drained peat soils of Western Polissia in climate change. Methods. Field — to monitor the growth and development of plants, the formation of their yields, laboratory — to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of agrochemical and physicochemical properties of peat soils, measuring and weighing — to determine yields, soil water regime, gamma-spectrometric – to determine the content of radionuclides in soil and crop products, calculation and comparison — to determine the energy efficiency of growing bioenergy crops on drained peat soils of Western Polissia. Results. The productivity potential of the most common species of woody, annual and perennial herbaceous bioenergy crops in the conditions of drained peat soils of Western Polissia was determined. The possibility of obtaining the own seed and planting material of the main types of bioenergy crops in the area of Western Polissia was studied. Conclusions. It is proved that the most promising and technological wood bioenergy crop for growing on drained lands of Polissia is a violet willow of Swedish selection, which under optimal conditions can provide up to 28–30 t/ha of wood biomass annually, which is 10–14 times higher than traditional productivity of forest plantations. Among herbaceous perennial bioenergy crops, the most promising ones are miscanthus and sedge, which provide up to 25 t/ha of dry biomass, and among herbaceous annual crops — sugar sorghum, broom sorghum, and corn, which provide up to 20 t/ha of dry tables. It is proved that on the drained peat soils of Western Polissia, with proper agricultural techniques, it is possible to successfully engage in seed production of most of the studied bioenergy crops, including heat-loving ones such as corn, sugar sorghum, broom sorghum, Sudan sorghum, paise. Due to the high rate of seed propagation, these crops can be quickly introduced into production in a certain area.