Моніторинг харчових продуктів, кормів та сільськогосподарської сировини в Україні на вміст генетично модифікованих інгредієнтів

Abstract

Biotechnological agricultural crops are growing during the last 20 years and these crops take up about 180 million hectares (10% of arable areas). World GM plant growing focuses mostly at four agricultural crops – soybean, cotton, maize and rapeseed. These crops have an herbicide-and vermin resistance. Governments of many countries develop legal instruments for prevention of potential risks associated with GMO circulation. Since Ukraine is one of the main producers and exporters of grain crops, it is very important for our country. Gmo legislation of Ukraine is imperfect unfortunately and it requires considerable modifying. Thus, in spite of ban of GMO using in Ukraine, producing of GM soybean, maize and rapeseed is carried into practice. Data from different institutions demonstrates this fact. Monitoring of GM plants presence and propagation was the aim of this study. Study was performed at the molecular-genetic laboratory of SE «Ukrmetrtest standart». Food and agricultural samples of Ukrainian production were analyzed during 2007-2017. Samples of soybean, maize and rapeseed leaves, shoots and seed from different regions of Ukraine were analyzed. Kits of own production were used for analysis. Kits were designed on the basis of TaqMan Real-Time PCR method. 17 636 food and raw samples were analyzed. More than half of it was plant raw material and derivative products (soybean, maize, rapeseed, wheat, barley and rice). Biotechnological soybean, maize and rapeseed were detected in food and raw material. In 2007 our laboratory analyzed 413 food samples. We detected GMO in 22% cases. We detected GMO mostly in sausages and half-finished meats with soybean content. GM ingredients were detected in confectionary and food products, produced with soybean and maize. Tests quantity increased in 2008. Main part of tests was raw material. It indicates producers interest in GMO control. We analyzed 1177 samples, and 1080 (92%) were detected as non-GMO. In 2009 we tested 2126 samples generally. GMO was detected in 107 samples, what made up 5%. Tests quantity increased more in 2010.We tested 2570 samples. GMO was detected in 204 cases, what made up 7%. In 2011 quantity of samples has decreased significantly. We tested 1866 samples, and MO was detected in 59 samples, what made up 3 %. In 2012 року we tested 2001 samples, and GMO was detected in 67 samples. During 2013-2014 we tested 6040 food and agricultural samples. GM ingredients were detected in 66 (4 %) and 77 (5 %) samples, respectively. In 2015 quantity of GM-positive samples increased to 8 %, it was mostly agricultural raw material. We detected 5 % GM samples during 2016. Main part of GM-positive samples was soybean, maize and rapeseed. Percentage of detected GMO`s increased up to 8% again in 2017. Totally we detected 95 GM-samples. Designed test-systems detect most biotechnological crops without detailed identification. Data obtained from 2007-2017 shows biotech soy, maize and rape presence in quantities more than 0,9%, despite the real prohibition of biotechnological crops growing in the country. Key words: genetically modified organisms, Real-Time polymerase chain reaction, food products