Особенности организации онкологической помощи населению Республики Башкортостан и Российской Федерации и пути ее совершенствования

Abstract

One of the important tasks of the state - is to reduce morbidity, mortality and disability due to malignant neoplasms. It can be solved through the protection of public health, including timely medical examination and rehabilitation, as well as promoting a healthy lifestyle. However, unfavorable ecological situation, the effects of widespread use of a variety of special equipment, deterioration of social well-being of the population and the abuse of tobacco and alcohol adversely affect the steady increase in the incidence of malignant tumors, and experts predict it is expected to further increase. Negative epidemiological situation on the malignancy has developed both in Russia and around the world. Oncopathology causing considerable economic damage to the country. All of the above leads to the relevance of a complex problem and requires further examination. In order to determine priorities in the organization of cancer care was necessary to study the state of oncology service data in the Republic of Bashkortostan in comparison with the all-Russian figures in dynamics for the last five years (2011-2015 gg.). The study found that the quantitative and qualitative indicators of cancer care in the Republic of Bashkortostan (active detection, timely diagnosis, morphological verification of the diagnosis, the five-year survival rate, index of accumulation of contingents, the incidence of malignant tumors) do not exceed the all-Russian figures. The dynamics for five years there has been a positive dynamics of the studied parameters, but about a quarter of patients who for the first time identified a cancer die within the first year after diagnosis. A study of performance indicators oncology service is of considerable practical interest because it can serve as a basis for planning the organization of oncological aid to the population, the development of national and regional anti-cancer program, to determine the required volume of curative and palliative care, the organization of medical and social rehabilitation of the sick and disabled. Improving cancer institutions in the country and the region will allow to provide specialized assistance to the population, corresponding to modern scientific and technical development of medical science, regardless of the place of residence of a particular patient.