Преломление традиций фольклора в технике композиции башкирских композиторов (на примере фортепианной пьесы Р. Касимова «908»)

Abstract

In early 20th century Russian art there occurred symbolic processes which enriched the country’s musical culture. The “un-notated” folk musical traditions of the national republics began to expand and search actively for paths towards rapprochement with the classical European musical system. These same processes also took place in Bashkortostan, where the coexistence of the European and the Eastern musical traditions during the course of the time period from the 16th to the 19th centuries led by means of evolution to a period of their intense interaction. At an early stage of the formation and development of Bashkir piano music, and also at subsequent stages, the most widespread genre was that of small piano pieces, in which the principles of connection of the extremely contrasting systems of East and West had been tried out. At the beginning of this path it is possible to perceive the manifestation of the surface stratum of folk music: depiction of pictures of the nature of the Ural Mountains and everyday scenes of the lives of ordinary people, as well as in many ways an intuitive utilization of folk modes, melodic ornamentation and other attributes of musical language. Understanding the mentality of the people, its ancient historical past, and penetration into the deeper strata of folk music has been the aspiration of many composers since the 1980s. This has been aided by the attention of historians and folklorists towards the study of the folk epos and religious customs, as well as the dissemination of new information through publication of the results of a number of research works. The given processes have found their reflection in the image-related structure of musical compositions, which in its turn has led towards the search for optimal means of composition. The organic realization of new traditions may be demonstrated in Rafail Kasimov’s piece “908,” where the intonational lexis of Bashkir folk music interacts profoundly and brilliantly with contemporary techniques of composition and piano performance. Keywords: Rafail Kasimov, Bashkir piano music, Bashkir folk music, Rafail Kasimov’s piano piece “908”.