Abstract
Abstracts. Introduction. Colorectal cancer is one of the most widespread oncologic diseases on our planet. One-year lethality in this pathology exceeds 13%. Colorectal cancer has a prevalence equal to 5.1% of all tumor pathologies in the Russian Federation. Aim. To analyze the complications in surgical treatment of rectal cancer as a clinical-organizational and medical-social problem. Materials and Methods. We analyzed the results of research on the problem of complications in surgical treatment of rectal cancer within the period from 2015 to 2023. Scientific literature was reviewed in the databases of biomedical publications, namely PubMed, ResearchGate, eLibrary, and Cyberleninka. Results and Discussion. The article analyzes the problems of surgical treatment of rectal cancer, as well as postoperative wounds. The data are presented regarding the technical peculiarities of abdominoperineal rectal extirpation as the main type of surgical interventions for the cancer localization in the lower ampullary part. Medical and social problems arising in patients with this neoplastic localization are highlighted. We outlined the negative aspects of lifelong colostomy formation in patients, the influence of this event on their wound processes, and their social adaptation and psychological status. Conclusions. With the current significant progress in the development of screening programs, technical methods of treatment, and introduction of the system of follow-up examinations, colorectal cancer remains in the second place in the world mortality rate among malignant tumors. The reasons for this circumstance include the high frequency of treatment complications of technical, organizational and medical-social nature. This necessitates the search for ways of effective prevention.
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