РАЙОННІ ГАЗЕТИ ЯК НЕПІЗНАНИЙ ФЕНОМЕН ТОТАЛІТАРНОЇ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ: НА АРХІВНИХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ ТА МАТЕРІАЛАХ МІСЦЕВОЇ ПРЕСИ БУКОВИНИ

Abstract

The article is written on the basis of archival documents of the Chernivtsi region that have not yet been included in scientific circulation and materials from the binders of local newspapers. These documents shed light on the phenomenon of district newspapers not only as a component of the journalism system of the Soviet totalitarian era, but also as important links of the Moscow consciousness of the Western Ukrainian population. Various aspects of the establishment and functioning of this segment of the press are comprehensively covered: ideological, organizational, personnel and problem-thematic. Described difficulties under conditions of shortages: for paper, Ukrainian fonts, printing equipment, personnel. Newspaper names were analyzed in retrospect of their subsequent renamings. Usually these titles were given from above and served as a political marker of the era. The key concepts were those for other regions of Ukraine: red, Stalinist, Leninist, Soviet, socialism, commune. The circulation policy of the party is analyzed. The circulation of local newspapers (regional and district) was strictly limited. On the other hand, the central (Moscow and republican) disarmaments descended every year with increasing numbers. The personnel potential and the procedure for approving newspaper editors and quality managers are characterized. Among the editors of regional newspapers after the war, there was a lack of people with higher education, some had a journalist’s diploma. The level of political training and the candidate’s loyalty to the ideals of the party were important. The qualitative composition of creative employees of regional newspapers was analyzed by age, gender, education, nationality, geography of origin. Mass work with readers, the nature of editorial mail, statistics of correspondence are given. Separately – about censorship control of newspapers in the city and its forms: closed reviews, review at the office of district committee of the party, personal cases, lists of bans on public criticism of the government. The problem-thematic content is analyzed in terms of different historical eras: Stalin’s era, Khrushchev’s thaw, Brezhnev’s era of stagnation. Keywords: district newspapers, names of newspapers, personnel of the district press, procedure for approving editors, closed reviews of the press, editorial mail, local press of Bukovyna.