Abstract
The article is devoted to the issues of classification and translation of realia as culturally marked elements of the fiction text. The work analyzes the lexical units that nominate the Russian and Soviet cultural and historical realia found in the novel “The Heart of a Dog” by M. A. Bulgakov. The scientific novelty of this research is studying the ways of rendering the meaning of these names into English and establishing the degree of adequacy of translations performed by A. Pyman and M. Glenny at different time periods. As a result of the research it is established that approximate translation, i.e. interpretation and search for a functional analogue, is used more often than any other method. In most cases, the translators managed to convey the subject content of the culturally marked vocabulary, while losing its national flavor. The socio-political vocabulary of the Soviet period caused the greatest difficulties in translation for both the authors, which is obviously explained by the lack of understanding of the socio-cultural situation described by M. Bulgakov in his work.
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