Внесок київських ветеринарних лікарів другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. у світову науку і практику

Abstract

Scientific researches on the activity of veterinary doctors of Kyiv in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were conducted. It was established that no attention was paid to the veterinary and sanitary organization of the Kyiv province until the end of the nineteenth century. It was confirmed by a small number of veterinary staff in the province. A small number of veterinarians in the province until 1882 could not organize veterinary and sanitary activities at the proper level. Their activities were of a purely organizational nature. During that period, the Sanitary Commission, which included medical doctors, but none veterinarian, operated in Kyiv. Only in 1885 the veterinary doctor V.K. Ponomariov was introduced into the commission (from 1886). After the liberation of V.K. Ponomariov, that post was occupied by P.M. Genevsky, who previously worked as a senior veterinarian of slaughterhouses.With the opening of urban slaughterhouses, veterinary and sanitary activities were not limited to that work, and the veterinary doctor, as a member of the Sanitary Commission, conducted an autopsy of animals, which died from infectious diseases; took measures in case of epizootics; treated urban fire horses; supervised the activities of the contractor for the disposal of dead animals and the catching of stray dogs; oversaw dairy cattle, horse's trade on fair grounds, as well as watering place and urban pastures. After creating the Kyiv city slaughterhouses, the task was to provide people with benign meat and, moreover, to prevent the pollution of water, soil and air by slaughter waste.In order to clarify the issues of veterinary and sanitary affairs in urban slaughterhouses in 1899, a special subcommittee was appointed, headed by a member of the Sanitary Commission A.K. Stolpchevsky. The subcommittee was tasked with developing an instruction for veterinarians responsible for the veterinary and sanitary condition of the Kyiv city slaughterhouses, which was conducted by the Sanitary Commission. Only in 1899 a distinction was made between purely veterinary supervision and sanitary supervision.