Пожарная безопасность спортивных сооружений: российские и международные нормы проектирования, инновационные решения в области пожарной безопасности

Abstract

This work analyzes integrated security and safety problems for modern sports facilities as large places of assembly and multi-use objects. Different events (mostly sports, but modern stadium construction allows to transform them for concerts, performances, etc.) require people protection from possible danger. Also it’s necessary to remember that sports facilities are characterized by not only large assembly of people, but their behavior specialties as well. Statistics of fires at stadiums for recent years show tragedies in the grandstands, caused by events at playing field. All these specialties require complex development and detailed analysis of security and safety (including fire safety) for sports facilities at all stages of design, building and use. Comparative analysis of Russian and international rules and regulations in the field of fire safety for modern sports facilities is made in this work. Special attention is paid to documents prepared for World Championship 2018. Successful practical experience of safety and security arrangements for the XXVII Universiade in Kazan in 2013 and the XXII Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014 is regarded. This analysis shows that modern Russian rules and regulations don’t take into account fire safety requirements to the full extent at the stages of design, building, use, rebuilding and reconstruction of sports facilities. For such objects it’s necessary to develop Special Technical Regulations with different justifying calculations for requirements and parameters of fire protection systems. Also modern sports facility design and building require innovative technology application. Future lines of work for integrated security and safety of sports facilities are suggested in conclusion: § development of unified regulation in the field of fire safety; § improvement of fire risk assessment technique.