РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДИЧЕСКИХ ПРИНЦИПОВ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ СОЗДАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ МОРСКИХ ПОРТОВ И ТЕРМИНАЛОВ

Abstract

The article presents the methods for evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects developed by foreign, Soviet and later Russian scientists that made it possible to formulate principles for evaluating the effectiveness of projects of creating and developing seaports and terminals. The basic economic law of socialism in 1952 has been analyzed, according to which the development of the command economy was exhausted by planned extensive and intensive economic growth in the absence of inflation and risks. There has been studied the typical methodology for determining the effectiveness of capital investments and new equipment developed in 1960 and proposing to use two groups of indicators: general and comparative efficiency. It has been stated that the main drawback of this and later methods is to reject the indicator of absolute economic effect. There are given formulas for calculating the payback period and the effect of increasing operation of sea transport due to capital investments. There has been defined the principle of alternativeness based on accounting for the opportunity costs of neoclassical economics. Modern computer technologies make it possible to accurately simulate the technological processes of the port terminal and, using the results, to calculate the technical and economic indicators of their activities. The principle of alternativeness consists in considering all possible options for organizing technological processes at the terminal and choosing the option with best values of performance. The principle of alternativeness should be used to assess the effectiveness of the project as a whole and to evaluate the effectiveness of each participant. Projects of building and development of seaports and terminals are characterized by a complex composition of participants; they always impact the state interests and are a form of public-private partnership. The main infrastructure of seaports and land plots are in federal ownership. The implementation of the principle of alternativeness becomes possible when using the capital investment budget method.