Abstract
The article examines the words that are relevant for the conceptual picture of the world, created by the great master. Leskov, opposition of lexemes of the paradigm «friend or foe». The linguistic means used by the publicist to depict the national character of Russians and others, in particular, Poles, demonstrate the main characterological features of both «ours» and «strangers». The publicist in his assessments is convincingly objective, which is clearly demonstrated by the illustrative material. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the little-studied work is being investigated, the author's intention is determined, clearly explicated or requiring a reader's «decoding», which is typical for the texts of N. S. Leskov. The function of lexical and phraseological units within the framework of the «friend» / «alien» correlation in a travel essay about foreigners, taking into account many components, incl. historical plan, allow the reader to form his own view of the Russian and foreign mentality, national character as an objective given, as well as the specifics of the text of N. S. Leskov. The essay «From a travel diary» served as the material.
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