Тяжелая преэклампсия как одно из критических акушерских состояний: основные факторы возникновения (данные по Ивановской области)

Abstract

Aim: To analyse the clinical and anamnestic data of patients in Ivanovo Oblast who underwent such a critical obstetric condition (CAC) as severe pre-eclampsia, and to clarify the risk factors for its occurrence. Design: A retrospective study. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 73 delivery histories of patients with severe pre-eclampsia delivered at the Ivanovo Scientific-Research Institute named after V.N. Gorodkov in 2021-2022 was performed. For this purpose, data were extracted from medical records — individual charts of pregnant and labouring women (Form No. 111/u) and delivery histories (Form No. 096/u). Risk factors for severe pre-eclampsia — the most frequent form of CAC in Ivanovo region were assessed in the patients. Then groups of CAC risk factors were formed: medical, organisational and methodological, socio-demographic, and patient responsibility. Results. Risk factors of severe pre-eclampsia as one of the forms of CAC were analysed and ranked. The most common were medical risk factors (72.6%), second place was occupied by socio-demographic factors (64.4%), third — organisational and methodological (53.4%, p = 0.02 for difference from medical factors). The frequency of factors related to patient responsibility was the lowest at 23.3% (p = 0.001 for difference from medical and socio-demographic factors). Conclusion. Annual analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of CAC makes it possible to develop measures to prevent severe complications of gestation, improve the quality of medical care for pregnant women at the outpatient stage, and improve perinatal outcomes, which should have a positive impact on the demographic situation in the country. Keywords: preeclampsia, pregnancy, risk factors, critical obstetric conditions.