Приемы повышения эффективности производства посадочного материала хвойных пород с закрытой корневой системой в Архангельской области

Abstract

By comparing three nurseries in the Arkhangelsk region, a comparative analysis of some technological operations in the production of ball-rooted coniferous seedlings was carried out, similar problems were noted and solutions were proposed to increase production efficiency and reduce costs. Frame elements and attachments in greenhouses reduce the amount of light entering the seedlings by 40…45 %, which reduces the rate of photosynthesis. Therefore, it is recommended to rotate the cassettes according to their location in the greenhouse. To increase the illumination, the greenhouse covering should be promptly cleaned from residues and dirt. When planning and building greenhouses, it is necessary to exclude their shading by other infrastructure objects. Substrate for growing seedlings in containers should preferably be purchased from specialized companies and its composition should be controlled before sowing by chemical analysis. In order to increase the yield of seedlings per unit area, the scheme of 2 rotations should be used, while a prerequisite in the north is heating greenhouses in spring, as well as in summer during periods of cold snaps and frosts. Spruce seeds must be sown first, while pines follow second. In this case, both breeds will reach standard parameters by the beginning of the next growing season. To reduce the difference in the amount of liquid to the seedlings during irrigation and fertilization, which reaches 270 %, it is necessary to constantly control these processes, timely cleaning of filters, elimination of breakages, regulation of the amount of liquid coming to the seedlings by means of nozzles or rotation of cassettes. It is possible to accelerate the seed germination and the seedling growth by using stimulants — environmentally safe humic preparations. Soaking the spruce seeds in the solution of the «Ekorost» preparation helped to increase germination and germination energy up to 13 %. Irrigation with a solution of this preparation increased the yield of standard seedlings of spruce by 40,6 % and pine by 36,9 % compared with control.