СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ СОРТА ТУЛАЙКОВСКАЯ НАДЕЖДА НА СЕРОЙ ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЧВЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

The article summarizes the results of two years of experiments to study the effect of the Tulaikovskaya Nadezhda variety on the productivity of spring wheat and calculates the doses of mineral fertilizers for 3 and 4 tons of grain per 1 hectare at different densities of plant stems by changing seeding. rates from 4 to 7 million. germination of grains per hectare. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the area of crop rotation of pure fallow, winter rye, spring wheat on the experimental fields of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Land Management of the Kazan State Agrarian University, where the soil cover represents the following agrochemical data: humus content (according to Tyurin) › 3.0%, P2O5 › 250 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium › 145 mg/kg (according to Kirsanov’s extract), pH of the saline solution – 5.9. Agricultural technology for cultivating spring wheat in experiments is generally accepted in the republic, with the exception of the studied options. Meteorological conditions during the growing season of the study object in 2021 were characterized as extremely unfavorable for growth and development. The temperature and water conditions of the soil and air were extremely unfavorable. JCC (May-June 0.19-0.25). In 2022, research was carried out under conditions of sufficient humidity and temperature conditions. State Customs Committee (May-June – 1.37). Under the conditions of both 2021 and 2022, the yield of spring wheat fluctuated over a wide range depending on the nutritional background and seeding rates. On a non-winding background, according to seeding rates in 2021, from 0.87 to 0.97 t/ha, on fertilized backgrounds - 1.08-1.60 and 1.0-1.5 t/ha. In 2022 - 2.35-3.08, 4.20-4.81 and 4.70-5.22 tons per hectare, respectively. On average, the application of fertilizers with a planned grain yield of 3 t/ha gave an average increase of 1.12 t, with 4 t – 1.3 t of grain/ha. The optimal seeding rate for all fodder backgrounds turned out to be 5 million germinating grains per 1 ha. The yield under control is 2.09 tons, against background II – 3.21 and background III – 3.37 tons of grain per hectare.