Историко-социологическое и архитектурно-историческое исследование усадеб Замоскворечья в районе церкви Воскресения Христова в Кадашах

Abstract

Ancient cities are hierarchical in the social structure and acquire a definite social structure in the process of its development. Zamoskvorechye (the area beyond the Moscow River) on the map of Moscow is separated by the river and opposed to the center with its architectural composition and historical social structure. The center of Zamoskvorechye is the Kadashevskaya Sloboda (Kadashi settlement) making the basis of compositional construction of the entire district. The dominant of composition is the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashi, a unique monument of architecture of the XVII century. On the territory of the settlement exists the 401th quarter with the historical objects located in it. The authors carried out a historical-sociological and architectural-historical study of the homesteads located in the area of the Resurrection Church. Most of the parish of the temple in the XVIII–early XX centuries belonged to the merchant stratum. With the liquidation of settlements, social strata have changed. The authors calculated the estate and professional composition of inhabitants of the quarter in various eras, the graphs of the quantitative ratio of estates and professions of the composition of inhabitants of 401th quarter of the Kadashevskaya Sloboda are presented. The growth of interests and opportunities of the inhabitants is evidenced by the research data of V.P. Pushkov and L.V. Pushkov. The distribution of functional use of buildings and sections of the quarter in the XX–XXI centuries is analyzed. Certain houses and homesteads have survived to the present day. One of them is the house of merchant D.R. Olenev. The tragic fate befell the historical building “house of the deacon”—a sample of the main house of the city homestead, transferred to the Resurrection Church “for eternal remembrance”. On the territory of the 401th quarter was the famous sausage factory of Nikolay Grigoriev, the locally revered saint of the Yaroslavl region. Directly on the territory of the temple is located the house of merchant M.P. Krupennikov, in which today exists a Museum “Kadashevskaya Sloboda”. In the XXI century the commercial development threatens the historical and architectural appearance of the quarter.