РУССКОГОВОРЯЩИЕ СООБЩЕСТВА В АВСТРИИ И ВЕНГРИИ: ПОДХОДЫ К ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ, ОЦЕНКА ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА

Abstract

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of Russian-speaking communities in two European countries — Austria and Hungary — in the post-Soviet period. Some historical factors of the emergence of Russian-speaking communities in these countries, the current state, popula-tion dynamics and demographic structure are considered. It is noted that in the last decade, both in Austria and Hungary, the interest of Russians as countries of potential emigration has been growing. High standards of quality of life, a stable economy, a favorable climate, and a rich cultural heritage make Austria very attractive to Russians. The relative low cost of living, mild climate, inexpensive real estate and the possibility of registering it as property contribute to the growth of Russian interest in Hungary. The main channels for increasing the number of Russian-speaking communities at present can be considered marriage migration, family reunification, and educational migration. The gender structure is dominated by women. A significant part of the representatives of Russian-speaking communities is well integrated into the host societies. One of the important elements of the interaction of Russian-speaking communities in Austria and Hungary is the Russian language. The article estimates its prevalence based on an analysis of the Russian-language press, social networks, the functioning of schools and Russian language courses.