Потенційна забур’яненість ґрунту залежно від його обробітку за вирощування гречки посівної в Прикарпатті України

Abstract

An actual problem in modern agriculture is the development of weed control measures in crops. The number of weeds, in turn, depends on the number of viable seeds in the soil. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different variants of primary and pre-sowing tillage on the content and distribution of physically complete weed seeds in the 0–30 cm layer of soil, as well as its germination and productivity of sowing buckwheat. The research was conducted in the conditions of the Carpathian State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS and the Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Herbology of NULES of Ukraine during 2015–2017. According to the results of both experiments, variants of chiseling by 20–22 cm, disking by 10–12 cm and 6–8 cm led to the placement of the bulk of weed seeds – 43–56 % in the upper 0–10 cm soil layer, which subsequently allows you to choose the optimal system of pre-sowing tillage. These variants of basic tillage in combination with the second variant of pre-sowing provided the highest level of germination of weed seeds (+ 250–288 % to control). The highest crop yield (3.61 t/ha) in both experiments was recorded for the combination chiseling of soil on 20–22 cm and pre-sowing, which included of early spring harrowing, harrowing with heavy tooth-boring harrows (as weed germination) and pre-sowing cultivation to the depth of sowing.