Особливості локалізації лімфоїдної тканини в імунних утвореннях стінки кишечнику, дивертикулі меккеля і сліпокишкових дивертикулах качок

Abstract

Mucous associated lymphoid tissue has a special place in the immune system, forming the first protective barrier against antigens that enter the body with food and air. In birds 70% of lymphoid tissue that forms the parenchyma of peripheral immune organs localized in the mucosa of tubular digestive organs. Recently, in the literature there have been reports that lymphoid tissue in tubular digestive organs of waterfowl (geese, musk ducks) can not be localized only in the mucosa, but also in muscularis. In this context, the aim of the study was to determine the features of lymphoid tissue localization in immune formations (Peyer’s patches) of the intestine wall of ducks, Meckel diverticulum and apical diverticula in postnatal period ontogenesis. Established that lymphoid tissue in Peyer’s patches of duck intestine, Meckel’s diverticulum and apical diverticula located in the mucosa and muscularis of the wall. From the one-day age of duck, the lymphoid tissue is found in the mucosa of all investigated structures and in the muscularis of the apical diverticula, and in the muscularis of Peyer’s patches of the intestine and the Meckel’s diverticulum – from 10–20-days of age.The complete morphofunctional maturity of the lymphoid tissue of mucosa Peyer's patches of intestine is reached in the 15 days-age of duck, the lymphoid tissue of the mucosa of the Meckel diverticulum – in 20-day age, and in the apical diverticula – in 10-day age. The complete morphofunctional maturity of the lymphoid tissue of muscularis Peyer's patches of intestine is reached in the 15–25 days-age of duck, the lymphoid tissue of the muscularis of the Meckel diverticulum – in 25-day age, and in the apical diverticula – in 10-day age.Area of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of duodenal and ileum Peyer’s patches increased to 210-day-old ducks and jejunum – to 150-day-old age. Lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area in 150-day ducks in the muscularis of these structures. Area of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of cecal Peyer’s patches increased to 90-day-old ducks, and in the muscularis – to 240-day-old age.Lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of Meckel’s diverticulum takes up the largest area in 20-day-old ducks, in apical diverticula – in 180-day-old. In the muscularis of these structures, lymphoid tissue occupies the largest area in 150-day ducks.