Тенденции в переводе терминов в сфере информационных технологий: сравнительный анализ разновременных англо-русских переводных словарей (1990 г. и 2011 г.)

Abstract

The study aims to determine the dynamics of changes and evolution of the ways of translating information technology (IT) terms from English into Russian. The five main techniques of translating terms in the IT sphere, i.e. loan translation, functional analogue, descriptive translation, transcription and transliteration, served as the object of analysis. The study is novel in that it carries out the first comprehensive comparative analysis of changes in the techniques of translation of terms in the IT field for the period from 1990 to 2011. The results of the study showed that the most commonly used techniques of translating new English-language terms in the IT field were transcription, loan translation and transliteration. Comparing the data for 1990 and 2011, we can note dynamic changes in the use of these techniques. The largest number of replacements in the 2011 dictionary was represented by a group of terms translated by the descriptive method, the most frequent replacement was by functional analogue and loan translation. These data expand our understanding of internal processes in the Russian language, necessitate the improvement of translation practice in the field of IT translation and the development of new technologies for a more effective adaptation of foreign terminology to the Russian language.