Формирование коммуникативных навыков у детей старшего дошкольного возраста с расстройствами аутистического спектра с использованием народной сказки

Abstract

The study aims to substantiate the necessity and possibility of communication skills formation in older preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using folk tales. The paper summarises the views of modern foreign and Russian researchers on the issue of communication skills formation in preschool children with ASD, identifies the tasks, main stages of pedagogical work, forms, methodological techniques of using folk tales in pedagogical work on communication skills formation in older preschool children with ASD. The psychological and pedagogical specificities that lead to difficulties in communication skills formation among children of the said category are analysed. These include profound social development disorders; behavioural stereotypy; speech disorders that hamper the use of speech for communication purposes; cognitive disorders that are reflected in the inability to decode and encode information and use symbolic and sign systems for information transmission; the inability to perceive other people as subjects of communication with their own system of values, views, ideas; the inability to express emotional experiences adequately and convey emotions to communication partners; hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Scientific novelty of the study lies in determining the need for communication skills formation in preschoolers with ASD as a condition for overcoming social adaptation difficulties. As a result, the researchers have provided rationale for folk tales as a means of communication skills formation in preschoolers with ASD, have presented the methodology of pedagogical work on communication skills formation using folk tales in children of the said category.