Abstract
This article presents the results of three summer (2016-2018) studies to determine the response of individual agrotechnological methods to the harvest and grain quality of spelled wheat in a gray forest soil of Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2016-2018 field studies were conducted on the experimental field of the agronomic faculty of Kazan State Agrarian University. The soil is gray forest medium loamy with the following indicators: humus content (according to Tyurin) - 2.9-3.2%, the amount of absorbed bases - 27 mg.eq. per 100 g of soil, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - 79.0 - 110 (according to Corinfield) , mobile phosphorus - 105-184, exchangeable potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 79-149 mg. per 1000 g of soil, Ph-salt - 5.6-5.7. The object of research is emmer (polba) of the variety Srednevolzhskaya. Conducted observations, counts and analyzes during the growing season 2016, 2017 and 2018, it is showed that food backgrounds and predecessors had no effect on the timing of emergence of shoots. The duration of the emergence of wheat shoots of the dwarf (spelled) was determined by the conditions of thermal and water regimes of air and soil. With more optimal and stable thermal conditions with sufficient moisture supply during the years of research, seedlings appeared in 13-15 days on both food backgrounds and all predecessors, in the second period - 12 days and the latest date - 10-11 days. On the basis of the research conducted, it was established that the best one as a predecessor for all sowing dates and nutritional backgrounds for wheat spelled is a one-year clover and a vico-oat mixture for green fodder.
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