Abstract
The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of an application of increasing doses of potash fertilizers in the potatoes cultivation of the middle-early ripeness group of Gala variety on the background of the use of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers and sulfur in the dose of N90Р120S30. Studies were carried out in 2016-2018. The soil of the experimental site of gray forest medium loamy granulometric composition had the following agrochemical characteristics: pH of salt extract - 5.4-5.7; humus content - 3.28-3.41%; easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - 146-160 mg per kg; mobile phosphorus - 140-152, exchangeable potassium - 146-160 mg per kg of soil. Potassium fertilizers were applied in increasing doses - К30, К60, К90, К120, К150, К180 kg of the active substance together with the background fertilizers - N90Р120S30 and microelements deficient in this soil: copper, boron and molybdenum in the composition of ZhUSS-1 and ZhUSS-2. The influence of the studied doses of fertilizers on crop yield, dry matter content, vitamin C, starch and nitrates has been established. On average of three years, the productivity of tubers was 21.67 tons per hectare. When applying background fertilizers (N90Р120S30) compared with the control, it increased by 4.32 tons per hectare. The optimal dose of potash fertilizer on the background of N90Р120S30 for potatoes grown under irrigation was К150, where the average yield of three years was 34.42 tons per hectare. A further increase in the dose of fertilizers did not significantly increase the productivity. On average of three years, the highest dry matter content was 22.81% and starch - 13.15% was noted in the variant, where potassium was applied in a dose of К180 kg of the active substance together with background fertilizers and microelements. With the introduction of high doses of potassium (К150 and К180 kg of the active substance), the content of dry matter and starch did not significantly differ from those in the control.
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