ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НЕОБХІДНОСТІ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНОГО АПАРАТУ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВИМОГ ДО ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПОРАЖАЮЧОГО ЕЛЕМЕНТА КІНЕТИЧНОЇ ЗБРОЇ НЕСМЕРТЕЛЬНОЇ ДІЇ

Abstract

The scientific-methodical apparatus for predicting damage to biological objects of non-lethal kinetic weapons is considered, which mainly takes into account only the energy characteristics of the damaging elements, namely, kinetic and specific energy. An analysis of the nominal ballistic characteristics of samples of non-lethal kinetic weapons, which are in service with law enforcement agencies and military formations of Ukraine, was carried out, based on the determination of only the specific energy of the striking elements. The energy characteristics of bullets or striking elements for various samples of non-lethal kinetic weapons vary within fairly wide limits. In particular, such an important indicator as the specific energy varies from 0.34 to 1.33 J/mm2, that is, even the same type of weapon, intended for use at certain distances to the target, in the case of using different cartridges, has a significantly different specific energy (the difference reaches 30%). An analysis of known developments in the field of terminal ballistics is given, which indicates the need to take into account the speed of meeting the target under the conditions of conservation of constant kinetic energy. So, with the same mass, a bullet with a higher speed will have more energy. Such a ball has the ability to give a different part of its energy to the affected tissues. The main feature of cartridges with a traumatic effect, which distinguishes them from ordinary cartridges for firearms, is the mechanical characteristics of the striking elements. The striking elements require a high "stopping" effect, i.e. quick and complete incapacitation of the opponent when hitting any part of the body - this is a short range of "fire contact". For this, striking elements must quickly and maximally transfer their kinetic energy to the target upon hitting it. Therefore, most bullets for police and civilian weapons are blunt-end ("impact") - with a rounded or flat area on the main part. So important are the shape and strength (stiffness) of the striking elements and the shape of the main part that directly interacts with the target. The need to improve the scientific and methodological apparatus for predicting damage to biological objects when using non-lethal kinetic weapons by taking into account an expanded list of factors (speed, strength, rigidity and shape of the striking element) in order to increase the adequacy of the obtained models is substantiated.