Структурні деформації у промисловому комплексі України, які виникли внаслідок економічних криз, як перешкода розвитку ринку інноваційних товарів

Abstract

Topicality. Crisis is one of the forms of economic development, in the course of which obsolete technique and technology are eliminated, organization of production and labour opens up space for growth and the establishment of a new one. At the same time, with the overcoming of the outdated, inevitably there is a decline in production, rising unemployment, falling incomes, which negatively affects the living conditions of people.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to study the impact of crisis phenomena on the development of Ukrainian industry in terms of identifying its structural deformations and their impact on the development of the market for innovative goods.Research results. In the structural dynamics of industrial production during 1991-2014, two cyclical waves were outlined: the first wave (1991 - 2007), connected with the restructuring of the economic system and the adaptation of its subjects to new economic and political realities. Second wave, which began in 2008, is related to the global economic crisis, in which Ukraine has already been closely integrated. In 2012-2014, a third wave began to form, in which the stage of decline was clearly outlined. The causes of the last wave have a political, economic and military background. Structure of industrial production has changed on the opposite ratio between production of primary and deep processing, low technological and high-tech, raw and final consumption. In particular, the change in the ratio between the production of mining and metallurgical complex, on the one hand, and machine building and light industry – on the other. As a result, there was a primitization of the sectoral structure of industry. Production acquired the export commodity specialization.Conclusions. Despite the destructive deformations in the industrial complex of Ukraine that arose as a result of economic crises, the country in its innovation development should rely on the basic industrial sectors, which today have some achievements and some advantages. Ukraine has not yet exhausted the possibilities of the industrial stage of the economy and should use advanced industrial technologies to modernize enterprises of the III and IV technological processes. However, along with the increase of the scientific and technological level of the enterprises of industries with outdated technologies, it is important, where possible, to use the information and telecommunication technologies inherent in the post-industrial society, developing such industries as aerospace, electronic, computer technology, pharmaceutical, chemical, etc. That is, the country's most effective strategy should be innovative development, which combines the innovations of the V and VI technological processes inherent in the post-industrial economy, with the scientific and technological modernization of enterprises of the IV and III forms inherent in the industrial stage.