ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПРОЦЕССА ГОРЕНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ НЕВЕСОМОСТИ МЕТОДОМ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРИ ЗЕМНОМ УСКОРЕНИИ СИЛЫ ТЯЖЕСТИ

Abstract

Представлен экономически выгодный способ определения параметров процесса горения полимерных материалов для условий невесомости методом физического моделирования при земном ускорении силы тяжести. Знание указанных параметров необходимо для разработки высокоэффективных средств и способов обеспечения пожарной безопасности в обитаемых гермоотсеках космических летательных аппаратов. During the operation of the inhabited hermetic compartments of spacecraft the equipment works most of the time in zero gravity conditions. The theory indicates that the key parameter determining the modes and a capability of a stable combustion of polymer materials in zero gravity conditions is the flow velocity of gas medium with oxygen concentration exceeding combustion limits values for polymer materials by oxygen concentration С. As a result of combustion process research of polymer materials in zero gravity conditions on board the space station «MIR» during the orbital flight there was established the existence of the unknown combustion process parameter that is the limit of polymer materials combustion in terms of gas flow speed V. On long-term space stations the definition of fire danger parameters of polymer materials is technically difficult and is extremely expensive. Therefore researches to find the ways simulating combustion of materials in zero gravity conditions and the definition of fire danger parameters in land conditions have been carried out. It has been established that the most perspective way is when the combustion process occurs in a flat, horizontally disposed moving gas layer set between two parallel planes. Reducing the altitude of the flat horizontally disposed gas layer allows to conduct the heat transfer process equivalent to a conductive one, that is almost completely eliminate the natural convection. On the basis of comparing the V values for different materials determined in the free-falling container of the space station «MIR» as well as in horizontally located flat channel of various altitudes there was established the ratio between V values of polymer materials and the altitude of horizontally disposed flat channel. Thus, there is proved the possibility of determining the combustion process parameters of polymer materials for zero gravity conditions by physical modeling method at the Earth acceleration of gravity.