МЕРЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА В УСЛОВИЯХ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ: ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ

Abstract

The article presents the results of an analysis of the state of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and measures of their state support in Russia and other countries of the world in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection. The development trends of the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises in 2014-2018 were analyzed in various countries of the world. It was revealed that compared to other countries of the world in the Russian economy in 2014-2018 big business prevailed, with an average share of 80 %, while in other countries it ranged from 32 to 52 %. It was also revealed that the number of medium-sized enterprises by 2018 decreased by 3 % compared with 2008, while the number of small enterprises, on the contrary, increased significantly. It is noted that the contribution of small enterprises to the total turnover of small and medium enterprises of the Russian Federation significantly exceeds the share of medium enterprises. Thus, the share of small and micro enterprises in the total turnover of SMEs was 85 % in 2008, of mediumsized enterprises – 15 %, and in 2018 the proportion changed by 89 % and 11 %, respectively. The analysis of the dynamics of indicators of registration and liquidation of small and microenterprises in Russia, the results of which revealed that in the analyzed period, the number of created enterprises gradually decreased, while the number of liquidated enterprises steadily increased, which affected the ratio of registered / liquidated enterprises. In 2008, this ratio was 1.1. In 2018, it reached 0.39, i.e. one registered enterprise accounted for more than 3 liquidated small and micro enterprises. In 2019, this trend continued. In 2020, the negative situation in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses was further aggravated due to the spread of coronavirus infection in the world. Also during the study, measures of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises in various countries of the world were studied and systematized. It is noted that government support measures in developed countries ranged from 10 to 20% of GDP. The authors determine the need for further analysis of international and regional experience in order to identify and use the most effective measures of state support for SMEs