Современный уровень природосбережения и пути воспроизводства почвенных ресурсов в зональных агротехнологиях постцелинных регионов Урала и Западной Сибири

Abstract

Analysis of the level of intensification and identification of the type of zonal agriculture orientation (ecologically or soil-waste ones) are necessary for the scientific justification of measures for the conservation and reproduction of soil resources. The aim of the research was to assess the approaches to agriculture implemented in the post-virgin regions of the Urals and Western Siberia according to the specified parameters. The object of the research was data on the structure of sown areas, volume of mineral and organic fertilizers, number of cattle in dynamics for 2005–2019, which was obtained from open sources. It has been established that grain crops in the current structure of sown areas occupy more than 60 %, of which more than 40 % is wheat. Furthermore, above 13 % is occupied by industrial or non-food crops, and only 20 % – by fodder crops. This is a sign of a low level of nature conservation, as well as of a predominantly resource-wasteful orientation of zonal agriculture. The neglect of the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers in scientifically grounded rates indicates the orientation of zonal agricultural technologies mainly to the mobilization of natural soil fertility and emphasizes their mainly extensive nature. A reduced quantity of cattle both in the total herd of cattle in the regions and in those that belong to the agricultural organizations leads to a decrease in the amount of organic fertilizer applied. Optimization of the structure of sown areas with the increased quantity of soil-restorative crops and the search for opportunities for the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers in scientifically grounded rates, which ensure soil-saving and yield effect, is recommended as measures for the reproduction of soil resources. These measures should become a part of a unified landscape-adaptive system of steppe land use built on the platform of nature conservation and rational use of natural and anthropogenic resources.