БЕЗПЕКА ПРОДУКЦІЇ. ПОКАЗНИКИ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОСТІ ВІДПРАЦЬОВАНИХ ГАЗІВ ТЕПЛОВОЗІВ, ЯКИМ ПОДОВЖЕНО СТРОК СЛУЖБИ ПІСЛЯ КАПІТАЛЬНО-ВІДНОВЛЮВАЛЬНОГО РЕМОНТУ АБО ПІСЛЯ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ

Abstract

This article is the first in a series of related publications urgent in the field of railway transport, namely absence of new traction rolling stock and the presence of existing in operation, the condition of which remains uncommented. The article is concerned with the requirements specified in normative documents for the environmental security indices of diesel locomotives operated on the railways of Ukraine, the volume and qualitative characteristics of environmental indices, which must be checked before the operation of the repaired or upgraded locomotive is given; the impact of overhaul reconditioning or modernization measures of locomotives on the environmental indices of exhaust gases was determined. In the context of the article, it is reasonable to consider the safety requirements of the main, even the only source of exhaust gases - internal combustion engines used on locomotives (general view of locomotives is shown in Fig. 1). Safety requirements for engines and methods of their control are usually set in the technical specifications, design and operating documentation for engines of certain types. Engines must also meet the requirements of national technical regulations and national standards for them, taking into account their operational functions for which they are intended. In this case, any danger to personnel, which may occur during the operation of the engine, as a necessary element of the overall system to create a moving force (e.g. locomotive engine), its moving parts, hot surfaces, should be minimal. During the design of engines their purpose, operating conditions, environmental conditions, as well as characteristics of used materials, in particular the brand of diesel fuel should be taken into account. Special attention should be paid to the structure safety of: fuel supply systems; lubrication and cooling systems; engine control systems. The physical factors of dangerous and harmful effect include: moving elements; hot surfaces; exhaust gases; increased noise level; increased vibration level; flame emissions; - excess pressure in the crankcase; electric current. The chemical factors of dangerous and harmful effect include: harmful components of exhaust gases; fuel and fuel vapor; lubrication and its vapour; coolant; non-metallic materials. According to the lists of physical and chemical factors of dangerous and harmful effects of engines, one of the most important is indices of exhaust gases of diesel engines.