Продуктивность, показатели структуры урожая и эффективность работы симбиотического аппарата растений сои в условиях разных климатических районов Кабардино-Балкарии

Abstract

The article analyzes experiments on the study of the symbiotic activity of leguminous crops. The studies were carried out in the foothill and steppe zones of Kabardino-Balkaria, which differ in climatic conditions and the level of soil moisture supply. Early-ripening and late-ripening soybean varieties were studied. The early sowing date was carried out in the third decade of April, the middle one – in the first decade of May, and the late one – in the second decade of May. The sowing rate ranged from 300 to 500 thousand seeds per 1 hectare. As a result of the study, it was found that the conditions of the foothill zone are more favorable for the photosynthetic activity of soybean plants than the conditions of the steppe zone, which results in higher yields. In the foothill zone, a late-ripening soybean variety formed a leaf area of 45-50 thousand m2/ha, which is more than that of early-ripening varieties. The indicators of net productivity of photosynthesis in early ripe varieties are higher and are in the range of 2.2-3.2 g/m2. In the work, agrotechnical practices were used that influenced the height of the attachment of beans, the number of beans, plant height, branching, seed weight, which shows the degree of adaptation of cultivated varieties to the climatic conditions of the region. The results of the study showed that the activity of the symbiotic system of soybean plants turned out to be more effective in those periods when the moisture supply of the soil was the best. The smallest number of nodules on the roots of plants and their "underdevelopment" were noted in arid regions, in comparison with the favorable conditions of the foothill region. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of nitrogen-fixing nodules by 20-22%, and an increase in their mass by 30-32%.