Картографическое обеспечение организации оперативных действий в зоне наводнения на основе оперативных донесений региональных органов управления в чрезвычайных ситуациях

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The article discusses the creation of a new methodology for the development of geoinformation models of floods based on the use of operational reports of regional management bodies in emergency situations. The place of floods in the classification of emergencies is shown and the types of floods are given. The article describes the tasks of protecting the population and territories during the occurrence of floods, which are solved by regional emergency management bodies using various geoinformation models. Criteria for evaluating these models are formulated. Various methods of determining, predicting and constructing flood zone boundaries using a digital terrain model and remote sensing data are considered. The possibilities of using the data of operational groups of regional management bodies in emergencies, as well as additional sources of information, are investigated. The order of actions of operational groups in the emergency zone is investigated and the algorithm of response by regional management bodies in emergency situations to the occurrence of floods is compiled, the need for cartographic support is determined. On the basis of the information received from the reports of the operational groups, the objects in the emergency zone are analyzed, the data on which is necessary for the further development of the cartographic support of the regional management bodies in the emergency. A new classification of the characteristics of objects subject to rescue and evacuation from the flood zone is proposed. Based on the obtained classification, a database scheme for the new geoinformation model is developed. To standardize the data received by operational groups in the emergency zone, formalized report forms have been developed. The main layers of the digital cartographic basis of the new geoinformation model and the order of their creation are described. A scale for visual assessment of the level of flooding of buildings and land plots and symbols for displaying the obtained indicators on the map has been developed. New types of cartographic support for regional emergency management bodies for organizing operational actions in the flood zone are proposed. A new method for calculating the individual risk of flooding for each object in the flood zone is described. The scheme of the new geoinformation model of flooding is given.