ПРОЕКТИ ВОДНОГО СПОЛУЧЕННЯ МОРІВ У СРСР НА ОСНОВІ ДНІПРА ЯК ПРОДОВЖЕННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ МІЖМОР’Я ПІСЛЯ ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ

Abstract

The author of the article has been analysing the problems, which had important significance for the new and modern history and for the system of international relations in the Central Europe, i.e. the realisation of the project of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas as a single political project. It was the well-known idea of the Intermarium, which was popular in the political history for a number of decades and was used by the Polish foreign policy. However, a similar idea was also born in Russia during the Seven Years’ War in the years of 1756-1763. The idea of uniting of the Baltic and Black Seas in terms of the single political 111 project was also relevant in the 20th century before the beginning of the World War II.However, after the end of the war it has gained new technocratic meaning in theUSSR. In USSR the project of the uniting the Baltic and Black Seas was being implemented, into which this country had a relatively easy exit after the integration of the Baltic states by means of the creation of water transport route from the Dnieper. The beginning of the realisation of this idea was building of The Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station and the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels. In terms of the realisation of this project there were also plans to create the connection of the Dnieper channel with the Azov Sea. In the process of the discussions related to the question of the expediency of building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels, which took place in 1952, the building of the channel uniting Dnieper with the Azov Sea remained among the top questions for discussions. But there was one controversial question related to the orientation of the before mentioned channel, i.e. according to the Meridian or parallelly, that is parallelly to the Sivash, which separated the Crimea from the mainland. In 1954 the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR suggested the project of the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea in terms of the creating of the Waterways System in the European part of the USSR. All technical projects related to the uniting of the Baltic Sea with the Black Sea with the help of highways remained to be the ideas only. However, one can notice the strategical importance of the development of these ideas and the geopolitical role of the Dnieper river and Sivash, which are strategically interrelated projects.