Abstract
In 2017-2021 in the conditions of the Ulyanovsk region, studies were carried out to study the effect of various doses and methods of applying mineral fertilizers on the yield and grain quality of Marathon winter wheat when sown on an occupied fallow with a seeding rate of 6 million pieces/ha. The scheme of the experiment included the study of the following options: three backgrounds for the use of complex fertilizers during sowing (factor A) - 1. N0P0K0, 2.N32.5P32.5K32.5, 3.N44.5P45.5K45.5; six periods of nitrogen fertilization during crop vegetation (factor B) - 1. N0 - control (without fertilizing), 2. N34 - autumn fertilizing with Amazone, 3. N34 - spring fertilizing with a seeder with coulters when soil maturity is reached, 4. N34 - early spring top dressing Amazone, 5. N34 - early spring top dressing Amazone in the feeding phase + N34 - in the bobbing phase, 6. N34 - early spring top dressing Amazone in the feeding phase + N34 - in the bobbing phase + N15 in the heading phase. The formation of the yield of high-quality grain was mainly influenced by complex fertilizers during sowing (N32.5P32.5K32.5 36.0% and N45.5P45.5K45.5 53.5%) and the timing of nitrogen fertilizing during the growing season (36.0%) . The highest yield (3.92 t/ha) of grain was obtained when sowing winter wheat with the simultaneous application of N45.5P45.5K45.5 kg/ha of a.i. azophoska followed by triple top dressing with ammonium nitrate, which exceeded the control variant by 1.64 t/ha. Large indicators of the biochemical potential of winter wheat were provided by the background of the use of complex fertilizers when sown in the amount of N45.5P45.5K45.5 kg/ha a.i. and carrying out early spring feeding with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N34 kg/ha a.i., where the content of gluten (29.1%), protein (12.9%), weight of 1000 grains (40.2 g) were the highest. The use of a single nitrogen fertilization on thalomfrost soil turned out to be more economically efficient (profitability level 69.9% at a cost of 5890 rubles/ton). The results of the research showed that the use of mineral fertilizers in different phases of development of winter wheat plants made great contributions to obtaining high quality grain.
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