Ретроспективний аналіз каріозного ураження твердих тканин зубів у дітей з радіаційно забруднених унаслідок аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС територій України

Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the presence of significant carious lesions of the hard tissues of the teeth in children from radiation-contaminated territories as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP). Purpose - to conduct a retrospective analysis of the intensity of dental caries in children of Ukraine, residents of radiation-contaminated territories, taking into account the general state of health at different times after the accident at the ChNPP (1993-1996, 2001-2003, 2016-2018) as a basis for the further development of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures for this pathology. Materials and methods. The object of the study: 1852 children aged 7-15 - residents of territories contaminated with radionuclides. Assessment of caries intensity of permanent teeth in accordance with WHO recommendations (2013) included determination of caries prevalence and index assessment of caries intensity of permanent teeth (PT): «decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth» (DMFT) and «decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth surfaces» (DMFS). Statistical processing of data was carried out using methods of variational statistics (statistical package «IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0.0»). Results. In 1993-1996 irradiated children from the III zone had a very high intensity of dental caries (DMFT - 7.25±0.77, DMFS - 10.92±1.77), twice as high compared to residents of the IV zone. In children from III and IV zones in 2001-2003 the intensity of dental caries was higher in the presence of somatic pathology. In 2016-2018 compared to the period 2001-2003 there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in both indices of carious lesions, probably due to a decrease in the degree of exposure of children to radionuclides. Conclusions. During the period 1993-1996 the highest rates of dental caries intensity were determined in 15-year-old children from zone III compared to residents of zone IV. The intensity of dental caries during the periods of 2001-2003 and 2016-2018 decreased, although it remained at a high level, which requires the further development of a complex of treatment and prevention measures for this pathology. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interests.