ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЗАХИСТУ ЛЮДЕЙ ВІД НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ, ПОВ’ЯЗАНИХ З ПОЖЕЖАМИ В БУДІВЛЯХ, ЯКІ НАЛЕЖАТЬ ДО ОБ’ЄКТІВ КУЛЬТУРНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ

Abstract

Purpose. Ensuring the protection of people from emergency situations related to fires in buildings belonging to cultural heritage sites by means of mathematical modeling of dynamic processes and phenomena characteristic of fire. Methods. The FDS software complex, which numerically solves the Navier-Stokes equation for low-speed temperature-dependent flows, was used to determine the dangerous factors of fire. An analytical model of the movement of people during a fire was used to calculate the evacuation time. Results. Based on the results of the simulation, the values of fire hazard factors in the volume of the building have been calculated, and the dependence of the indicators on time has also been determined. The obtained data illustrate the spread of dangerous fire factors in premises with a complex planning scheme. They are necessary for the rational placement of people in order to increase their safety in the event of an emergency. Due to mathematical modeling, we get information about which security measures should be given special attention. Scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that for the conditions of precisely such parameters of the volume-planning decisions of the building, the time of the onset of the critical value of dangerous fire factors and the time of evacuation of people from the premises have been determined. Practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the principles and approaches presented in the work for similar cultural heritage sites to determine the necessary evacuation time, which allows increasing the safety of visitors and staff during an emergency situation. In this type of premises, special emphasis should be placed on equipping with visual indicators of evacuation routes.