РОЗВИТОК У ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ ЛОГІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ УЯВЛЕНЬ ТА УМІНЬ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЛОГІЧНИХ БЛОКІВ ДЬЄНЕША ТА ПАЛИЧОК КЮЇЗЕНЕРА

Abstract

Modern preschool education is based on a personality-oriented model. Mathematics occupies a leading place in solving the problem of development of logical and mathematical ideas and skills in preschool children. It sharpens the child's mind, develops flexibility of thinking, teaches logic. In the pedagogical practice of a modern preschool institution, Dienes' logical blocks and Kuizener's wands are actively used by modern educators. The teacher's work with this material significantly contributes to the development of children's logical and mathematical ideas and skills.The set of Dienes blocks consists of 48 geometric figures of different colors (red, blue, yellow), shape (round, square, triangular, rectangular), size (large, small), thickness (thick, thin). There are no two identical figures in the set, each characterized by the four properties mentionedabove. Together with the logical blocks in the work of the educator of the preschool institution, cards are used on which the properties of the blocks (color, shape, size, thickness) are conditionally determined. The use of cards allows children to develop the ability to substitute and model properties, the ability to encode and decode information about them. These properties and skills develop in the process of performing a variety of subject-game actions. In the process of working with Dienes blocks in the game, children not only consolidate ideas about geometric shapes, signs of objects, form mental actions, but also develop mental processes: thinking, memory, attention, imagination, speech.Kuizener's sticks are didactic material for the development of children's mathematical abilities. The set contains quadrangular sticks of 10 different colors and a length of 1 to 10 cm (this can usually be stripes). George Kuizener designed sticks so that sticks of the same length are made in the same color and denote a certain number. The greater the length of the stick, the greater the numerical value it expresses. Sticks allow you to translate practical external actions into the internal plan; to master spatial relations. Didactic material gives the chance to train kids in addition of number from units and two smaller numbers; learn to measure objects; learn arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, division, multiplication); learn to divide the whole into parts; to bring them to the realization of the relations "less – more", "less by ... – more by ...".In working with Kuizener sticks, the spatial and quantitative characteristics are not as obvious to children as color, shape, size when working with Dienes blocks. But to open these characteristics will help the joint activities of an adult with a child.