ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ РЕАЛІЙ У ПЕРЕКЛАДАХ СУЧАСНОЇ АНГЛОМОВНОЇ ПРОЗИ (НА ПРИКЛАДАХ РОМАНІВ «БІЛІ ЗУБИ» З. СМІТ ТА «ЗАПРОДАНЕЦЬ» П. БЕЙТІ)

Abstract

The article, based on the elaboration of theoretical sources, clarifies the ways of reproduction of realia in translations of modern English prose. For the conduction of more detailed analysis, there were chosen 400 realia from novels «White Teeth» by the modern British author Z. Smith and «The Sellout» by the modern American writer P. Beatty. The peculiarities of the transfer of both the substantive meaning of realia and its connotation (national and historical coloration) are analyzed. The factors influencing the choice of the way of reproduction of realia are studied. It was found that the most common way to reproduce realia is transcription, due to the presence of a large number of geographical realia. Combined renomination took second place in terms of frequency of use in translations of the works «White Teeth» and «The Sellout». This is primarily due to the large proportion of polynomial realia, the reproduction of which requires the simultaneous application of different approaches, such as transcription, calquing, addition, extraction, situational equivalent, and assimilation method. The third most popular method in the novel «White Teeth» turned out to be transliteration, which often served to convey the meaning of realia that denoted geographical objects, and in the work “The Sellout” – calquing, which was used to reproduce the names of educational institutions, authorities, various organizations. Among the least common ways of reproducing realities in the works “White Teeth” and “The Sellout” were hyperonymic renaming, descriptive paraphrase, situational equivalent, method of assimilation and direct inclusion. The translation of the novel «White Teeth» also features a small number of examples of the use of transposition at the connotative level and extraction. The low prevalence of the above-mentioned methods can be explained by the risk of losing an important coloration of realia. In most cases, preference was given to those methods that helped to convey the meaning of realia as accurately as possible, and at the same time, helped to preserve the coloration of such national and cultural units.