Сравнение процесса дыхания у донорных растений озимой пшеницы сорта Иркутская и каллусов, полученных из данного сорта в культуре изолированных пыльников

Abstract

Winter wheat is one of the main agricultural crops in the world. The constantly growing needs for food, as well as changing climatic conditions require modern breeding of new, more productive varieties with a high degree of cold, frost, drought and salt resistance,and resistance to pathogens and pests. Experimental haploidy can significantly reduce the time required for obtaining pure lines and new varieties. It is known that the physiological state of donor plants is very important for the effectiveness of androgenesis in vitro. In this work, we studied the features of flowers respiration in donor winter wheat plants used to isolate anthers and calli obtained in this culture. Winter wheat of Irkutskaya variety was used in the work. The plants were grown at the artificial climate station of Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS and in the field conditions of the Zalarinsky agroecological station. The plant material was selected at the booting stage. The initial medium was modified N6 containing sucrose (90 g/L), glycine (2 mg/L), 2,4-D (1 mg/L), and NAA (1 mg/L). The medium for regeneration was 190-2Cu with the addition of growth regulators 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L) and kinetin (0.5 mg/L). The oxygen uptake rate was measured at 26 ° C using an Oxyterm system (Han-satech Instruments, Great Britain). To determine the contribution of the main cytochrome and alternative cyanide-resistant pathways to respiration, an inhibitory assay was used. It was shown that opening of the flag leaf, as well as the procedure of anther isolation, led to an increase in the respiratory activity of winter wheat flowers, mainly due to the activation of the cytochrome pathway. At the same time, long-term low-temperature exposure contributed to the stabilization of respiration at the control level and did not cause changes in the activity of the alternative cyanide-resistant oxidase. The maximum respiratory activity was recorded in rhizogenic calli, while the respiratory activity of gemmorhizogenic calli was similar in respiration rate and contribution of the cytochrome and alternative pathways to the respiration of anther donor flowers.