Визначення динаміки погодних умов протягом календарного року в прибережних ділянках акваторії Одеської затоки з метою утримання морських ссавців у відкритих вольєрах

Abstract

The article provides data about the dynamics of weather conditions in the coastal water areas of Odessa Bay by the year. The research was conducted within the framework of the advanced study of research center of the armed forces of Ukraine «State Oceanarium» with the aim of determining the optimal location of open enclosures for marine mammals in coastal waters. In accordance with the requirements of operating leading documents, on maintenance marine mammals in the conditions of captivity, the open constructions of cages must take place in the clean natural waters, assuredly protected from storms, surf wave and influence of anthropogenic pollution. Undertaken studies the official figures given by the Hydrometeorological center of the Black and Azov seas (the State service of Ukraine for emergency situations) on the dynamics of air temperature and sea water, changes in weather conditions in coastal areas of the water area of Odessa Bay in recent years. In times of researches, in this district there were maximal increases of air temperature to 38.1 °C and sea water to 28.6 °C in summer, which exceeds possible norms for maintenance of dolphins in the conditions of open water areas. The largest decrease in air temperature in winter was recorded in January and February. Accordingly, the temperature of sea water went down and noted the appearance of floating ice shape. This fact is also very unfavorable, on condition of maintenance of marine mammals in the open waters in winter. This fact is also very unfavorable, under condition of marine mammals in the open waters in winter. Constructing open-air cages for marine animals must necessarily include a measure of the maximal strength of the wind and the main directions on the investigated areas. According to the obtained data, there is only seasonal maintenance of marine animals in open-air cages can be applied in the district of waters of the Odessa Bay. The alternative decision of this question can be the combined type of maintenance: moving of marine animals in the apartment of the covered pool with the natural cleared sea water, at the considerable decline of temperature of air and the formation of ice in winter or at disparity of sea water to the main sanitary and epidemiological requirements.