ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ РОБОЧИХ ОРГАНІВ ДОЩУВАЛЬНИХ МАШИН ЯК ЗАСІБ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ДОЩУ ТА МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ ЙОГО ВПЛИВУ НА ФІЗИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ТА СТРУКТУРУ ҐРУНТУ

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the impact of qualitative and structural characteristics of artificial rain created by sprinklers and ways and means of minimizing its negative impact on the soil by using modern low-pressure sprinklers. The purpose of the research is to study the design features of different types of sprinklers, and the practice and effectiveness of their use in the conditions of irrigated agriculture in Ukraine. Methods and materials. The study of structural and technological features of the working bodies of sprinklers, the practice of their application, and the determination of the main indicators of the quality of the generated rain were carried out in the economic conditions of their operation during the tests. When assessing the quality of work, the intensity of rain, the average diameter of the drops created, the coefficient of effective watering along the sprinkler belt of the tested machines, the specific power of rain, and the comparison of these indicators when using different types of sprinklers were determined according to the standardized methods of the relevant regulatory documents: SOU 74.3-37-152, DSTU ISO 11545. Results. Modern sprinklers are equipped with highly efficient sprinklers with a large capture area and low energy impact on the soil, taking into account all components of the impact of the quality and structure of artificial rain. At low-pressure values, such sprinklers provide a low intensity of rain due to a large spray area, good uniformity, and optimal droplet sizes. The use of these working bodies provided a solution to the problem of minimizing the negative impact of irrigation on the ecology of the environment. The high efficiency of the use of modern sprinklers was confirmed by tests of machines equipped with similar working bodies, according to the results of which a decrease in the intensity of rain and its energy impact on the soil was noted due to the low-working pressure, large coverage area, a nominal spectrum of droplet size and speed of their fall. Conclusions. The use of low-pressure sprinklers makes it possible to reduce the energetic impact of rain on the soil, which ensures the preservation of its structure and reduction of erosion processes, ensures high uniformity of irrigation at low pressure in the irrigation network, reduces moisture loss from the influence of air temperature and wind, and irrigation costs due to the reduction of pressure in irrigation network. Keywords. sprinklers, intensity of rain, size of drops, sprinklers, uniformity of watering, water erosion of the soil, pressure.