ОЦЕНКА УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ К СЕПТОРИОЗУ ЛИСТЬЕВ И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ ОТ ПАТОГЕНОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДКАМСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

The article analyzes data on the study of the susceptibility of new varieties of spring soft wheat, having different ecological and geographical origins, to septoria, which has become widespread in recent decades in the Middle Volga region. Studies by many authors have shown the harmfulness of this disease, which causes significant damage to the yield and seed quality of grain, which makes it urgent to select more immune varieties for cultivation in industrial crops and for use in plant breeding. Varieties with a consistently low level of development of septoria leaf blight, both by year and by periods of plant development, were identified. The least widespread pathogen Septoria tritici in crops during the formation of the reproductive zone of plants (earing and milky ripeness) were varieties Arhat of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, Chernozemnouralskaya selection of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Emergency Plant named after. V.V. Dokuchaev, Ekada 113 – Samara Research Institute of Agriculture named after. N.M. Tulaikova and Yoldyz - selections of the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture. Based on the results of studying the responsiveness of genotypes to the timing of fungicidal protection, varieties Arhat, Yoldyz, Ekada 70, Simbirtsit with a slow spread of the pathogen, bred in breeding institutions of the Volga region, were identified. These varieties generated the maximum yield in the variant without fungicidal treatment and are valuable for breeding as sources of the trait of resistance to septoria. On the varieties Kazanskaya Yubileynaya, Zlata, Tulaikovskaya Nadezhda, Idelle, Uralosibirskaya, the effectiveness of fungicidal protection was manifested during treatment in the heading phase, and on the varieties Margarita, Ekada 113, Ester, Ekada 66, Tulaikovskaya 108, Ekada 109, Khayat, Chernozemnouralskaya 2, Ekaterina v - phase of milk ripeness.