Включение детей с особыми образовательными потребностями и нормативно развивающихся детей в совместное решение учебных задач (на примере решения задач на понимание мультипликативных отношений)

Abstract

This article presents results of an experimental study on inclusion of children with special educational needs (SEN) and normally developing children in the process of joint solving of learning tasks depending on the type of interaction and relationships between children and between children and adult. The hypothesis was that the inclusion and development of higher mental functions in children with SEN can occur in specially organized learning interactions with other children and the adult that contribute to the emergence and development of child-adult communities. It is shown that the interactions between participants, the processes of communication and mutual understanding that develop under these conditions mediate the transition from the orientation on the objective characteristics of the problem to the analysis of the very ways of joint problem-solving. The relationship of the processes revealed in our study (means of interaction, communication and mutual understanding) characterise 4 types of child-adult communities and also serves as an integral indicator of the children’s inclusion in joint problem-solving. The results of the study are important for understanding the processes that affect the inclusion of children with SEN in learning situations, as well as for understanding the sources and mechanisms of mental development in social interactions. It is shown that the evolving interactions and relationships between the children and adults promote the development of higher mental functions in the participants of these interactions.