ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И УРОВНЕЙ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ СОРТА ВЛАДИМИР В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЫ

Abstract

Providing the brewing industry with locally produced raw materials is important both from an economic point of view and in terms of import substitution. Breeders create brewing barley varieties with a reduced protein content, however, in production they often use universal varieties that combine high yields with an average protein content of 11–12%. For such varieties, it is necessary to develop technological methods for obtaining a crop with specified properties, depending on the purposes of using the products. The quality indicators of barley grain and the efficiency of its production are significantly influenced by mineral fertilizers and the minimization of soil cultivation. In this regard, the authors studied the effect of minimal tillage on the yield and grain quality of spring barley of the Vladimir variety at two levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers 26 and with full supply oif mineral fertilizer – N35P40K135) in a two-factor field experiment carried out in 2018–2019 on the medium-loamy light gray forest soil. The experiment helped determine the yield and structure of the crop, the content of protein, starch, and grain hoodness (hull content). It was found that the lack of precipitation during the barley tillering – heading period leads to a decrease in grain yield by 40.0–54.8% as compared with the conditions of increased moisturizing. At the same time, there was an increase in the grain protein content by 1.4–1.7% and the grain filminess by 0.5–0.9%. The use of moderate rates of complete mineral fertilizer (N35P40K85) led to an increase in the barley yield by an average of 13.2% and the grain protein content by an average of 0.2%. On the other hand, it led to a decrease in the grain filminess by 0.2% and starch content by 0.4–0.6%. The positive effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the increase in protein content in barley grain was higher under minimal tillage. Under minimal tillage, regardless of the level of moisture supply and mineral nutrition, there was a tendency towards a decrease in the barley yield by an average of 3.9%, mainly due to a decrease in the density of the productive stalk. There was also a tendency towards a decrease in the protein content in the barley grain – by 0.3% – when no complete mineral fertilizer was used.