ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЕМОВ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ КАРТОФЕЛЯ

Abstract

Due to the high operating costs in our country, the area under potatoes is being reduced in many places, so the question arises of new technologies and technical means in potato growing. The cultivation of potatoes with preliminary preparation of the soil for planting by milling was studied. The volumetric mass of the soil after such treatment in the area of the tuber nest for the entire growing season remains in the range from 0.87 to 1.06 g/cmВі, which ensures good aeration of the tubers. Soil milling on an experimental field with an area of 15 hectares, on a farm in the Kursk region, Kursk district, when planting potatoes in April 2022, was carried out with a tiller FN-2.8 at a soil moisture content of 35%, which was aggregated with a class 1.4 tractor. The results of soil milling show that the degree of soil crumbling at the depth of planting potatoes is high. Soil density after milling reached 1.0-1.1 g/cmВі, while the weeds were completely destroyed. Pre-plant soil preparation, using a tiller, will reduce the loss of tubers and increase the yield of potatoes. Potatoes were planted in the same area. Potatoes were planted in the same area by potato planter KSM-4 with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers in a unit with a tractor MTZ-80. When planting potatoes, the number of nests was provided on average 43...45 thousand per hectare, while maintaining the potato planting rate of 2.4 tons per hectare. The potato planter unit was serviced by a tractor driver and two auxiliary workers, who ensured the loading of potatoes and mineral fertilizers. In the future, it is planned to harvest potatoes with a modernized potato harvester KPK-2-01, in which an improved separating elevator with a pressure conveyor with rubbercoated blades is installed, which will allow harvesting on waterlogged soils.