Zn In Different Fractions Research Articles

Chemical Fractions and Availability of Zinc in Winter Wheat Soil in Response to Nitrogen and Zinc Combinations.

Nitrogen (N) is critical for zinc (Zn) accumulation in winter wheat grain via enhancing Zn absorption into plant roots. This paper explored a possible mechanism for enhanced absorption of Zn in winter wheat by N combined with Zn application based on the Zn bio-availability in soil. A pot experiment with three N application rates (0.05, 0.2, and 0.4 g kg-1), two Zn application rates (0 and 10 mg kg-1), without and with plants was conducted. The results showed that high N (N0.2 and N0.4) combined with Zn (Zn10) application significantly increased the yield, yield components and Zn and N concentrations in winter wheat shoots and grain. The available Zn concentration in soil with and without plants was increased by N0.2Zn10 and N0.4Zn10 treatment at each growth stage. N0.2Zn10 and N0.4Zn10 treatment significantly decreased the pH in soil without plants but had different influences on the pH in soil with plants, which depended on the different N application rates and growth stages. Meanwhile, N0.2Zn10 and N0.4Zn10 treatment decreased the exchangeable Zn but increased loose organic-, carbonate- and Fe-Mn oxides-bound Zn concentrations in soil without plants. The exchangeable, loose organic- and carbonate-bound Zn concentrations in soil with plants was increased by N0.2Zn10 and N0.4Zn10 treatment at different growth stages. Different rates of N combined with Zn application influenced the proportion of Zn in different fractions in soil with and without plants at different growth stages. At Zn10, N0.4 treatment showed higher yield, N and Zn concentrations in shoot and grain, and available Zn concentration in soil, but lower pH in soil than N0.2 treatment. In addition, soil without plants had higher available Zn concentrations and lower pH than did the soil with plants. There were significant differences in Zn chemical fractions concentrations and proportions between the soils with and without plants at each growth stage. Therefore, combined influence of roots and the combination of N and Zn (especially N0.4Zn10 treatment) improved the bio-availability of Zn in soil via changing the soil pH and promoting the transformation and distribution of Zn in different fractions.

Geochemical characterization of engineered coal-combustion byproducts (CCBs): Occurrence and mobility of trace elements, implications for interactions with acidic and ambient groundwater

Fixed scrubber sludge (FSS), is a coal-combustion byproduct composed of flue gas desulphurization sludge, fly ash, and quick lime. FSS has potential usages as structural fill and capping materials in mine land reclamation because of its low permeability and acid-neutralization capacity. Sediment cores extracted from an abandoned mine land reclamation site where FSS was used as a hydrologic barrier to groundwater recharge were analyzed in an effort to quantify the chemical phases (both primary and secondary) that constitute the FSS, and to evaluate any evidence of weathering that has occurred during the 18years since emplacement. The primary solid phase is amorphous spheroids. Four different types were identified and their quantitative compositions were obtained, with SiO2, Al2O3, and FeO being the primary components. Of special concern was the occurrence and mobility of trace elements within the solid phases. Sequential extractions using different chemical reagents were conducted to analyze the concentrations of As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in different fractions as indications of mobility. The highest concentration of the trace elements was contained in the residual fraction, which is consistent with the amorphous spheroids being very resistant to chemical weathering. The results also suggest that the mobility of the trace elements decrease in the following order: B, Cu>Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr>Ba>Ni>As. Comparison of samples collected from the weathered edges and unweathered portions of the FSS layer reveal that a more aggressive weathering environment exists at the upper boundary of the FSS, where it is in contact with oxygenated soil water. The quantitative chemical compositions, distribution of trace elements, as well as evidence of how trace elements are released provide background data for the development a reactive transport model to simulate long-term effects of placing FSS in the natural environment; and particularly in areas that are being subjected to abandoned mine land reclamation.

Distribution of cadmium and zinc in different fractions of gley-amphigley soil

Distribution of Cd and Zn in different soil fractions was determined by the method of sequential partial extraction after Tessier on drained gley-amphigley soil in the period 1997-1999. The trial comprised three treatments with three replications: control (0.0 mg Cd and 0.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil), Cd2Zn4 (2.0 mg Cd and 4.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil) and Cd2Zn0 (2.0 mg Cd and 0.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil). Research results show significant differences in the distribution of Cd and Zn in different fractions in dependence on trial treatments and sampling time. In the control treatment, the largest part of total Cd (> 60%) was bound in the residual fraction and the Fe and Mn oxide fraction, whereas in the treatment with Cd in the exchangeable fraction (30 to 38%) and the Fe and Mn oxide fraction (35 to 41%). The highest concentration of exchangeable Cd (46.9-49.7% of total Cd) was recorded 20 days after treatment and the lowest during the last sampling, 150 days post treatment. Zinc was most abundant in the residual fraction (> 80%) regardless of trial treatments and sampling time.

Plant availability of Zn fractions in Saskatchewan soils

Two growth chamber experiments were conducted to assess the plant availability of Zn fractions in nine Saskatchewan soils. In one experiment, two rates of Zn (0, and 5 mg kg−1) were applied to navy beans grown on seven soils ranging in pH from 6.2 to 7.8. Most of the applied Zn was recovered in Pb-displaceable and Mn oxide associated fractions after a 7-d incubation. Growth of navy bean plants was normal in all soils and treatments. Dry matter yield did not respond to Zn application. The positive correlations between amounts of Zn in exchangeable, Pb-displaceable and acetic acid soluble fractions and plant uptake indicated the importance of these Zn fractions in influencing availability of Zn. The DTPA soil test was not a successful method for prairie soils with diverse soil properties on the basis of correlations. In the second experiment, three rates of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg kg−1) were applied to alfalfa grown on two soils with pH of 5.5 and 7.9. The total dry matter yield of alfalfa grown on the calcareous soil was increased significantly by Zn application. No yield response to added Zn was observed in the acidic soil. In both soils, applied Zn increased the Zn concentration and total Zn uptake of alfalfa significantly over the control treatment. Changes in the distribution of applied and native Zn in different fractions before seeding and at second harvest suggest that Zn taken up by plants in the calcareous soil was from exchangeable, acid soluble and possibly residual Zn. Zinc uptake by plants grown on the acid soil was from exchangeable, Pb-displaceable, acid soluble and possibly from Mn oxide associated fractions. Key words: Zn fractions, plant availability, navy beans, alfalfa, pH