Zirconia Nanoparticles Research Articles

Green Synthesis of Quercetin-Coated Ecofriendly Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluating its in vitro Biological Activities

The development of nanomaterials using green synthesis methods is gaining attention due to their potential to reduce environmental pollution and health risks associated with traditional chemical synthesis methods. Among the various transition metals, zirconia has gained significant interest as filling materials and implants in dentistry due to its excellent mechanical and chemical properties. In this study, we developed ecofriendly zirconium oxide nanoparticles using Biancaea sappan extract as a capping agent and then functionalized them with Quercetin. Further, their anti-inflammatory property and hemocompatibility were evaluated to target their application as filling materials. The biogenic zirconium oxide nanoparticles (B-ZrO2NPs) and quercetin functionalized biogenic zirconium oxide nanoparticles (BQZN) were characterized by UV–Vis Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy X-ray analysis (EDX). B-ZrO2NPs showed maximum absorbance at 267[Formula: see text]nm and 383[Formula: see text]nm. FTIR showed characteristic stretching at 3381[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text], confirming the O–H group in the extract and Quercetin used for BQZN formation. The FTIR spectra of BQZN displayed the presence of the characteristic peaks observed in the spectra of B-ZrO2NPs and Quercetin. The broad XRD pattern confirmed the amorphous nature of the zirconia. SEM revealed the spherical morphology of B-ZrO2NPs and BQZN with a size range of around 90[Formula: see text]nm and 120[Formula: see text]nm, respectively. EDAX of BQZN revealed the presence of 45.7[Formula: see text]wt.% Zr, 32.9% oxygen and 21.4% of carbon. In vitro bioactivity studies revealed that BQZN exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of protein denaturation. The nanoparticles were also demonstrated for their hemocompatibility with erythrocytes. These findings highlight the potential of BQZN as a promising hemocompatible dental filling with significant anti-inflammatory properties. Further in-depth in vivo studies are required to fully understand their efficacy and toxicity.

Synergetic Effect of Zinc Oxide and Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Concentrations on Antifungal and Physical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin (PMMA)–An Invitro Analysis

Synergetic Effect of Zinc Oxide and Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles Concentrations on Antifungal and Physical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin (PMMA)–An Invitro Analysis

Modification of blend reverse osmosis membranes using ZrO2 for desalination process purposes

Desalination of water is a crucial step in the process of obtaining potable water. One of the main challenges for the researchers is its efficient application and affordable preparation. It was planned to prepare the flat sheet membranes using cellulose acetate as a base polymer, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an additive with dosing of (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt%) from zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticle. SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses were used to characterize the generated ZrO2 nanoparticle in order to confirm its nano-size and crystal structure. The surface morphologies and existence of the dense layer, which is the typical property of the RO membrane capable of salt separation, were identified on the manufactured RO membranes by SEM. Membranes prepared by embedding 0.5 wt%ZrO2 with PVA/CA proved efficient as RO membranes using 2000 ppm NaCl and exhibited high salt rejection of 97% and water permeability of 12.5 LMH. Also, there is a decrease in the NaCl removal tendency was observed with the excessive dosages of ZrO2 with 0.7 wt%, which was due to the concentration polarization, which blocks the pores on the surfaces of the membranes. The antifouling behavior of the prepared membranes was tested using bovine serum albumin (BSA), the results indicate the low irreversible resistance, total fouling resistance, and high flux recovery ratio compared to the neat membrane. The prepared membranes have a stable salt rejection and water productivity even after demonstrating with chlorine (25–100 mg l−1 of NaOCl for 120 min).

Development of ZrO2-Coated SPME Fibers for Detecting Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Filters in Water Samples

In this study, the zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) were coated on the surface of stainless steel (SS) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) as solid phase microextraction fiber coating for detection of the benzotriazole ultraviolet filters (BUvFs) in different real water samples. The composition and images of the new SS@ZrO2NPs fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The extraction capability of SS@ZrO2NPs fiber was investigated for the enrichment and detection of benzotriazole ultraviolet filters (BUvFs) phthalate acid esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coupled with HPLC. The fabricated SS@ZrO2NPs fiber showed excellent extraction selectivity and good extraction capability for BUvFs. Under the optimized conditions, the SS@ZrO2NPs-SPME method presented linear ranging from 0.15 to 200 µg/L with correlation coefficients of higher than 0.9982. Moreover the limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.020 µg/L to 0.138 µg/L. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) with single fiber were below 7.78% and 8.91% for intra-day and inter-day measurements, respectively. The developed method was used to the detection of trace BUvFs in different real water samples.

Effects of coating orthodontic arch wire by Zirconia nanoparticles on orthodontic tooth movement

Effects of coating orthodontic arch wire by Zirconia nanoparticles on orthodontic tooth movement

A PVDF-HFP/YSZ nanofiber composite solid-state electrolyte by in-situ polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane for 4.5 V high-voltage NCM811 battery

Solid lithium metal batteries with solid polymer electrolytes have advantages in terms of high energy density and safety. However, their application is still hindered by unstable solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI and CEI) and uncontrolled dendrite growth. Here, a composite skeleton loaded with dielectric filler yttrium stabilized zirconia nanoparticles (YSZ) on the surface of PVDF-HFP nanofiber filaments is designed, and a novel composite solid electrolyte (CSE) is prepared by in-situ polymerization of DOL (1,3-dioxolane) on this framework to achieve safe and stable high-voltage lithium metal battery (LMB). The dual stable electrode interfaces (CEI and SEI) constructed by in-situ can effectively suppress the generation of lithium dendrites and suppress the degradation of the high-voltage NCM811 positive electrode structure and the generation of cracks in NCM811 particles, endowing the battery with extraordinary performance. The as-obtained CSE exhibits high ionic conductivity of 1.01 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C, the enlarged electrochemical window of 6.0 V, and the Li+ transference number is 0.72. The assembled Li|NCM811 battery is capable of stable cycling for 400 cycles at a cut-off voltage of 4.5 V and current density of 1C, with a capacity decay of only 0.074 % per cycle. .

Mineralized Nanofiber Substrates Enabling High-Performance Dually Charged Nanofiltration Membranes with Enhanced Permeability.

Nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) with superior permeability and high rejection of both divalent anions and cations are highly desirable to meet the increasing separation demands of complex systems. Herein, we propose a three-in-one strategy to develop a state-of-the-art dually charged thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membrane consisting of a positively charged electrospun nanofiber substrate (NFS) with surface mineralization and a negatively charged polyamide (PA) selective layer prepared by interfacial polymerization (IP). The highly hydrophilic mineralized nanofiber substrate not only effectively reduces the thickness of the PA selective layer but also crumples its structures by the abundant zirconia nanoparticles on the substrate surface, resulting in excellent water flux (15.0 L m-2 h-1 bar-1) for the TFC NFMs. The relationship between the thickness of the selective layer and substrate is further investigated using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. Meanwhile, the dually charged NFM exhibits relatively high rejection for both anions (97.1% for Na2SO4 and 97.9% for MgSO4) and cations (87.9% for MgCl2) in aqueous solutions compared with single-charged membranes, which is attributed to the dual-repulsion effect of the selective layer and the substrate surface bearing opposite charges. Moreover, the prepared NFMs exhibit good stability and excellent antifouling performance. This work may pave the way for the development of highly efficient nanofiltration membranes for the practical separation of comprehensively charged solutes.

Study of morphology, phase composition, optical properties, and thermal stability of hydrothermal zirconium dioxide synthesized at low temperatures.

Oxide nanoparticles exhibit unique features such as high surface area, enhanced catalytic activity, and tunable optical and electrical properties, making them valuable to various industry applications as well as for the development of new research projects. Nowadays, ZrO2 nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts and precursors in ceramic technology. Hydrothermal synthesis with metal salts is one of the most common methods for producing stable tetragonal-phase zirconium dioxide nanoparticles. However, hydrothermal synthesis requires relatively high process temperatures (160-200°C) and the use of advanced heat-resistant autoclaves capable of maintaining high pressure. This paper investigates how different precursors (ZrOCl₂·8H₂O and ZrO(NO₃)₂·2H₂O) and synthesis temperatures (110-160°C) affect the phase composition, optical properties, size, and shape of ZrO₂ nanoparticles produced by hydrothermal synthesis without calcination. In addition, the effect of temperature exposure in the range of 100-1000°C on the phase stability of the synthesized nanoparticles was studied. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to determine the structure and phase composition, while the optical properties were examined through the analysis of transmission and absorption spectra in the visible and UV ranges. It was found that the obtained particles at synthesis temperatures of 110-130°C have predominantly cubic c-ZrO2 phase, which changes to monoclinic phase when heated above 500°C. Analysis of visible and UV spectroscopy data reveals that the experimental samples have pronounced absorption in the middle UV range (200-260nm) and have an energy band gap Eg varying from 4.8 to 5.1eV. The hydrothermal powders synthesized in this study can be used as absorbers in the mid-UV range and as reinforcing additives in the preparation of technical ceramics.

Enhanced electrochemical stability of poly(pyridylthiophene) with zirconium dioxide/zirconium disulphide nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitors

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and zirconium disulphide (ZrS2) nanoparticles were added to poly(pyridylthiophene) (PPT) to improve its electrochemical stability. Characterization and comparison with pristine PPT were conducted to understand the surface influence, crystalline structure, and electrochemical performance of the PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 material. Without reducing its available specific capacitance, surface modification can increase PPT’s structural stability. Through the use of AC impedance and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods in a 3 M KOH electrolyte, the electrochemical characteristics of the produced PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 electrode were assessed. PPT, PPT/ZrO2, PPT/ZrS2, and PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 each had specific capacitances of 265, 655, 747, and 1326F/g at 5 A/g. The Zr4+ ions’ synergistic impact in the PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 electrode material is responsible for this improvement. The energy and power density of the PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 electrode in KOH are 166 Wh kg−1 and 664 W kg−1, respectively. After 10,000 cycles, the capacitance only loses 4 % of its initial value. The resulting PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 nanocomposite included multilayer structures that were extremely stable and porous. The PPT/ZrO2/ZrS2 nanocomposites perform well electrochemically and structurally, making them suitable materials for use in supercapacitors.

Development of Alumina Coatings on Ni-Cr Superalloy Turbine Blades Enhanced by Thoria-Integrated Yttria and Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles for High-Temperature Thermal Barrier Coatings and Corrosion Resistance

Development of Alumina Coatings on Ni-Cr Superalloy Turbine Blades Enhanced by Thoria-Integrated Yttria and Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia Nanoparticles for High-Temperature Thermal Barrier Coatings and Corrosion Resistance

Effect of Dehydrogenation and Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Electroless Ni-P Nanocomposite Coatings

High phosphorus Ni-P coatings, both unreinforced and modified by the addition of alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles, were manufactured by electroless deposition technique and heat-treated with different temperature and duration schedules. The effect of dehydrogenation (200 °C for 2 h) and its combination with crystallization heat treatment was studied in terms of microstructural changes and wear resistance. The amorphous structure of the coatings was not altered by the introduction of both Al2O3 and ZrO2 nanoparticles, and the addition of 1.5 g/L of ZrO2 yielded the highest microhardness due to better particles dispersion. Dehydrogenation improved hardness because of the early stages of grain growth; however, the greatest improvement in hardness (+120% compared to unreinforced Ni-P) was obtained after annealing at 400 °C for 1 h, because of the microprecipitation of the Ni3P crystalline phase induced by thermal treatment. No detectable differences in hardness and microstructure were detected when annealing at 400 °C for 1 h with or without prior dehydrogenation; however, the dehydrogenated coatings exhibited a lower Young’s modulus. ZrO2-reinforced coatings demonstrated improved wear resistance, and wear tests revealed that dehydrogenation is fundamental for lowering the coefficient of friction (−14%) and wear rate (−97%) when performed before annealing at 400 °C for 1 h. The analysis of the wear tracks showed that the non-dehydrogenated samples failed by complete coating delamination from the substrate, with abrasion identified as the predominant wear mechanism. Conversely, the dehydrogenated samples demonstrated better resistance due to the formation of a protective oxide layer, leading to an overall increase in the coating wear resistance.

Effect of Al2O3 and ZrO2 nanoparticles on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-AZ91 hybrid nanocomposites

In the present study, magnesium (Mg) hybrid nanocomposites containing alumina (Al2O3: 1 wt%) and zirconia (ZrO2: 0.5 and 1 wt%) nanoparticles (<50 nm) are fabricated using the stir casting technique under the protection of flux material. Role of two different nanoparticles is analysed on the performance of developed hybrid nanocomposites for implant applications. Compared to the monolithic Mg alloy, microstructural characterization revealed a reasonably uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the matrix and a reduction in grain size in the hybrid nanocomposites. The addition of nanoparticles enhanced the microhardness and ductility of the composites. SEM, XRD and EDS are used to characterize the prepared composites. The contribution of both nanoparticles to the strengthening mechanisms are analyzed. The microhardness of AZ91 was increased from 61.4 (base alloy) to 68.79 in hybrid nanocomposites. The tensile strength of hybrid nanocomposites was found to increase from 65 MPa to 80 MPa. Adding Al2O3 nanoparticles resulted in improved grain refinement while adding ZrO2 led to an increase in microhardness. Overall, the addition of hybrid reinforcement resulted in better mechanical properties by balancing the strength and ductility of the developed nanocomposites.

Experimental investigation of dynamic viscosity of water-based nanofluids containing tungsten oxide–multi-walled carbon nanotubes–zirconium oxide nanoparticles at mono and hybrid conditions

Experimental investigation of dynamic viscosity of water-based nanofluids containing tungsten oxide–multi-walled carbon nanotubes–zirconium oxide nanoparticles at mono and hybrid conditions

Zirconia encrusted ceramic composite membrane for uremic toxins removal: Fabrication and assessment of biocompatibility

In this study, tubular zirconia composite membranes (ZM1-ZM3) were developed using low-cost tubular substrate which was prepared utilizing naturally available clay materials by an extrusion approach. The zirconia nanoparticles were encrusted on a low-cost tubular substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The membranes were investigated for their biocompatibility in addition to pore size, chemical stability, water permeability, porosity, contact angle, thermogravimetric (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Water permeability, pore size and porosity of optimized membrane (ZM3) were 3.05 × 10–4 ± 0.03 L.m-2.h-1.Pa-1, 119 ± 0.57 nm and 36 ± 0.12 %, respectively. Platelets adhesion and protein adsorption were measured to be 4630 ± 46 platelets.mm-2, and 1.05 ± 0.02 μg.cm-2 respectively, while the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were 80 ± 0.51 s and 27 ± 0.26 s, respectively. Complement activation C3 and C4 concentrations were assessed to be 76.2 ± 0.88 mg.dL-1 and 21.57 ± 0.80 mg.dL-1, respectively and hemolysis ratio was 0.31 ± 0.01 %. Moreover, the membrane had a considerable antifouling nature with a flux recovery ratio of 89.22 ± 0.58 %. Protein retention was found to be 81.14 ± 0.58 %, in addition to outstanding sieving coefficients of uremic toxins like urea (0.95 ± 0.005), creatinine (0.93 ± 0.004), and phosphate (0.90 ± 0.004). These findings suggest that the produced tubular zirconia composite membrane has the potency for hemofiltration.

Synthesis of ZrO2 and its composite with activated carbon for lead adsorption and antibacterial applications

In this study, zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles and their composites with activated carbon (AC) were synthesized and further characterized via several instrumentation techniques in order to study their physical, chemical, and structural properties. The synthesized nanomaterials along with bare AC were utilized as adsorbents to remove Pb (II) ions present in aqueous solutions. Various parameters i.e., adsorbent dose, pH, and concentration of adsorbate were considered to examine the adsorption efficiency of ZrO2, AC, and ZrO2@AC with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The ZrO2@AC nanocomposite, with a surface area of 120.551 m2/g, offered a maximum absorption capacity of 179.53 mg/g for Pb (II) ions. Moreover, the adsorption isothermic variables were estimated to gain a comprehensive understanding of the adsorption mechanism of Pb (II) ions over ZrO2@AC nanocomposite. Additionally, desorption study of Pb (II) ions is also conducted for reusability of the nanocomposite. For valuable application in actual water environment, the antibacterials activity of both ZrO2 and ZrO2@AC was also examined against different bacteria, e.g., Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii). This study confirms the potential of the ZrO2@AC nanocomposite as a sustainable solution for removal of lead ions and microbes from water.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye by undoped and zinc doped zirconium dioxide NPs

Undoped and Zinc-doped Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the co-precipitation method, employing Zirconium (IV) Oxynitrate hydrate (ZrO2N2·xH2O), Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O), and ammonia solution as precursor materials at room temperature. A comprehensive characterization of the structural, morphological, optical, and catalytic properties of the prepared samples was conducted using various techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that the synthesized NPs exhibited a tetragonal phase structure, with crystallite sizes decreasing as doping concentration increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the spherical shape of the NPs. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified the presence of Zr, O, and Zn elements with high purity. Raman spectroscopy corroborated the tetragonal structure of the synthesized ZrO2 NPs. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy studies determined the cutoff wavelengths, while Tauc plot enabled the calculation of band gap energies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the functional groups present in the synthesized samples. Photoluminescence spectroscopy provided evidence of defects and charge carrier recombination processes. The catalytic efficacy of the synthesized ZrO2 NPs was demonstrated through the degradation of Rhodamine B dye under visible and UV light.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Various Liquid Media by Nd:YAG Pulse Laser Ablation and Its Antibacterial Application

The issue of antibiotic resistance by bacteria has been studied to develop a new agent to inhibit bacterial activity. Recent studies have reported on nanoparticles promising antibacterial properties. Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) have emerged as potential antibacterial agents for gram-negative bacteria. Nevertheless, there remains a gap in research done on producing stable nanoparticles. Additionally, it studies the impact of the liquid environment in the synthesis to keep a small size. In this present work, ZrO2 NPs have been successfully synthesized in various liquids by pulse laser ablation using the Nd:YAG laser. The laser was ablated on the surface of a zirconium metal plate in different liquid media, such as deionized water, ethylene diamine, and chitosan solution. Furthermore, the liquid media used has an effect on the characteristics of ZrO2 NPs and their antibacterial properties. An investigation of scanning electron microscope images reveals that ZrO2 NPs in deionized water, ethylene diamine, and chitosan solutions have a spherical morphology with diameters measuring around 24.33 nm, 19.76 nm, and 15.05 nm, respectively. The antibacterial effect of ZrO2 NPs in chitosan solution against E. coli bacteria is assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ), which has greater colloidal stability than the other liquid media. The findings indicate that the stability and small size of nanoparticles enhance the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Igniting a greener future by flame synthesized zirconium oxide nanoparticles through dye adsorption

Igniting a greener future by flame synthesized zirconium oxide nanoparticles through dye adsorption

High-Performance Composite Membranes: Embedding Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia in Polyphenylene Sulfide Fabric for Enhanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis Efficiency.

Due to their excellent alkali resistance and chemical stability, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fabric membranes are widely used in alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) for hydrogen production. However, traditional PPS membranes suffer from poor hydrophilicity, low airtightness, and high area resistance, resulting in high energy consumption and reduced safety in industrial applications. This study addresses the aforementioned issues by coupling 3-(2,3-epoxy propoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane (KH560) via self-condensation to the PPS membrane and blending it with self-synthesized yttrium-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles (YSZNPs). The YSZNPs are loaded onto the modified PPS fiber surface through dip-coating and hot-pressing processes, forming a micro-mechanical interlocking structure that enhances the overall performance of the membrane in practical hydrogen production applications. The findings indicate that the developed composite membrane demonstrate outstanding hydrophilicity, minimal area resistance (0.21 Ω cm2), and elevated bubble point pressure (2.93224bar). Significantly, tests on gas purity indicate that the produced hydrogen and oxygen attain purities of 99.90% and 99.75%, respectively, when evaluated at a current density of 1.5 A cm-2. Moreover, after 500h of electrolysis testing in a simulated industrial environment, minimal decline in membrane performance is observed, highlighting the competitive edge of this composite membrane in the current AWE market.

Assessment of surface hardness and impact strength of denture base resins reinforced with silver–titanium dioxide and silver–zirconium dioxide nanoparticles: In vitro study

Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is frequently utilised for fabricating denture bases due to its perfect qualities. However, a significant issue with this resin is the occurrence of frequent fractures caused by heavy chewing power, resulting in early cracks and fractures during clinical use. This study investigates the influence of silver, titanium dioxide, and silver zirconia nanoparticles on the surface hardness and impact strength of self-cured denture base. The samples were categorised into four categories according to the incorporation of different nanoparticles. The samples were divided into three subgroups based on the nanoparticle content: 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% of TiO2 and ZrO2. Each group had a set ratio of 0.3% Ag as an antibacterial agent. Except for the fourth group (Group D), a combination of 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25% of TiO2 and ZrO2, along with 0.3% Ag, was utilised to investigate their collective impact. The Shore D hardness and Charpy test were employed to quantify the surface hardness and impact strength, respectively. The samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and field emission-scanning electron microscopy to characterise nanoparticles and ascertain the structure of acrylic samples. All nanoparticle-modified samples showed a substantial improvement in surface hardness compared to the control group. The maximum hardness value was seen in the samples containing 0.3% Ag–0.3% TiO2 and 0.3% Ag–0.5% ZrO2. The samples treated with 0.3% Ag and 0.3% TiO2 showed the maximum impact strength. The incorporation of Ag and ZrO2 hinders the ability to withstand impact strength. The samples treated with 0.3% Ag, 0.15% TiO2, and 0.15% ZrO2 exhibited an augmentation in impact strength. Modified samples in all groups showed a colour change, which required colour modifiers.