Zingiber Spectabile Research Articles

Evaluation on floral visitors of Zingiber spectabile (Zingiberaceae) at Gua Ikan, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia

Insects are the well-known pollinators of angiosperm plants. However, the discovery of specific insect pollinators of a specific plant is still lacking in many angiosperms. Family Zingiberaceae which is also known as a ginger family, is one of the least explored angiosperms in the aspect of plant-pollinator interaction. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the interaction between Zingiber spectabile and pollinators. The aims of the study are i) to determine the floral blooming period of Z. spectabile; ii) to identify floral visitor of Z. spectabile; iii) to identify the insect pollinators of Z. spectabile. The study was conducted in the limestone forest of Gua Ikan (Dabong, Kelantan) in September 2020. Direct observation method was used to achieve the above-mentioned objectives. Observation was performed from 0700 hours to 2000 hours. A floral visitor was counted as pollinator when the insect touches the sexual organs of the flower. This study reveals that flower of Z. spectabile have a lifespan of less than a day. Flower opening (anthesis) starts at 1000 hours while flower closure time starts at 2000 hours. An inflorescence of Z. spectabile produce one to three flowers per day. Insect order Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera are the common floral visitors of the Z. spectabile. However, among the floral visitors, order Diptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera were found to play the role of pollinator for Z. spectabile. This study reveals the fundamental information about pollinators of Z. spectabile. Further detailed study is recommended to reveal the effects of floral scent in attracting the pollinators as further evaluation of Zingiberaceae-pollinator interaction.

Aspects of the reproductive biology of Zingiber spectabile (Zingiberaceae)

Ginger (Zingiber spectabile) is cultivated worldwide as a floriculture and landscaping species. Studies on the biology and floral morphology of this species are important for its improvement; however, they are scarce. We investigated the reproductive biology and floral morphology of gingers grown in a germplasm bank. Floral development was monitored during the pre-anthesis and anthesis periods. Floral morphometry, pollen viability, stigmatic receptivity, volume and concentration of nectar sugar, and performance of possible pollinators were evaluated. Ginger flowers had a 24-h durability. Ginger torch is an allogamous species that exhibits floral hercogamy like other Zingiberaceae. Ginger flowers had a 12-h anthesis. During anthesis, floral structures related to reproduction such as the style, stigma, and anther crest continued to develop, increasing floral herkogamy. Pollen viability was above 70% and the stigma remained receptive throughout the anthesis period. Hummingbirds were the only pollinators recorded in the study area that were able to move the anther crest. Fruiting was determined in a natural pollination system. The occurrence of nocturnal anthesis characterized by an increase in the development of reproductive structures and nectar production suggests that the species is adapted to nocturnal visitors.

The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of 14 Curcuma Species: Insights Into Genome Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships Within Zingiberales.

Zingiberaceae is taxonomically complex family where species are perennial herb. However, lack of chloroplast genomic information severely hinders our understanding of Zingiberaceae species in the research of evolution and phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of fourteen Curcuma species were assembled and characterized using next-generation sequencing. We compared the genome features, repeat sequences, sequence divergence, and constructed the phylogenetic relationships of the 25 Zingiberaceae species. In each Zingiberaceae species, the 25 complete chloroplast genomes ranging from 155,890 bp (Zingiber spectabile) to 164,101 bp (Lanxangia tsaoko) contained 111 genes consisting of 77 protein coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNAs and 30 transfer RNAs. These chloroplast genomes are similar to most angiosperm that consisted of a four-part circular DNA molecules. Moreover, the characteristics of the long repeats sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found. Six divergent hotspots regions (matK-trnk, Rps16-trnQ, petN-psbM, rpl32, ndhA, and ycf1) were identified in the 25 Zingiberaceae chloroplast genomes, which could be potential molecular markers. In addition to Wurfbainia longiligularis, the ψycf1 was discovered among the 25 Zingiberaceae species. The shared protein coding genes from 52 Zingiberales plants and four other family species as out groups were used to construct phylogenetic trees distinguished by maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) and showed that Musaceae was the basal group in Zingiberales, and Curcuma had a close relationship with Stahlianthu. Besides this, Curcuma flaviflora was clustered together with Zingiber. Its distribution area (Southeast Asia) overlaps with the latter. Maybe hybridization occur in related groups within the same region. This may explain why Zingiberaceae species have a complex phylogeny, and more samples and genetic data were necessary to confirm their relationship. This study provide the reliable information and high-quality chloroplast genomes and genome resources for future Zingiberaceae research.

The complete chloroplast sequence of Roscoea humeana (Zingiberaceae): an alpine ginger in the Hengduan Mountains, China

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Roscoea humeana (Zingiberaceae), an alpine ginger in the Hengduan Mountains, China is reported in this study. The complete chloroplast genome is 160,288 base pairs (bp) in length, containing two inverted repeat (IRa and IRb) regions of 26,852 bp, which was separated by a small single-copy region of 18,788 bp and a large single-copy region of 87,796 bp. The overall GC contents of the plastid genome were 36.1%. In total, 116 unique genes were annotated and they were consisted of 82 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 33 chloroplast genomes indicates that R. humeana is closely related to Zingiber spectabile and Z. officinale.

Propagação in vitro de Zingiber spectabile

Zingiber spectabile is a tropical ornamental species with difficulties to obtain efficient propagation system. Thus, this study aimed to assess the in vitro propagation of Zingiber spectabile. Seed characterization was determined by measuring length, width and thickness, the weight of 1000 seeds and imbibition curve. In vitro germination of seeds was at constant (25 °C) or alternating temperatures (20-30 ºC). For optimization of in vitro multiplication, different concentrations of activated charcoal (0.0, 0.1 and 0.3%) and sucrose (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 M) were evaluated. Plantlets were inoculated in flasks with different sealing systems (PVC covers with or without filters at the center) and culture media (MS or WPM). The plants were acclimatized in Plantmax® substrate. Seeds were of 6.06 mm length, 3.22 mm wide and 2.83 mm thick. The weight of 1,000 seeds corresponded to 46.4 g. The seed imbibition curve approaches to a tree phase pattern. Alternating temperatures induced high germination rates (68%). The addition of 0.3% activated charcoal provided higher root growth and plants with smaller number of senescent leaves. The best plant growth was obtained by the use of 0.1 M sucrose. All acclimatized plants survived (100%). The results demonstrate that Z. spectabile respond well to in vitro propagation.

Potássio e sódio na composição mineral e crescimento em plantas de Zingiber spectabile

For tropical ornamental plants there is no information in the literature regarding the interaction of sodium (Na) with other nutrients, especially potassium (K). Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies, growth and mineral composition of plants Zingiber spectabile subjected to K relations: In in nutrient solution. Treatments with different relationships K: Na (mmol L-1) were: 6K:0Na, 5K:1Na, 4K:2Na, 3K:3Na, 2K:4Na, 1K:5Na and 0K:6Na. We used the experimental randomized block design with four replications, and the experimental plot was composed of one plant per pot. After 180 days, the plants were harvested, and the biometric indexes and dry weight of different parts of the plants evaluated, and thereafter performed chemical analysis of the plant tissues. Sodium proved beneficial element for the initial growth of Zingiber spectabile. Sodium from 2 mmol L-1 can partly replace potassium in the initial culture of Zingiber spectabile in nutrient solution.

Morphological analysis of vessel elements for systematic study of three Zingiberaceae tribes.

Zingiberaceae containing over 1,000 species that are divided into four subfamilies and six tribes. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies about vessel elements in families of monocotyledon. However, there are still few studies of Zingiberaceae tribes. This study aims to establish systematic significance of studying vessel elements in two subfamilies and three tribes of Zingiberaceae. The vegetative organs of 33 species processed were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy and Principal Component Analysis was used to elucidate genera boundaries. Characteristics of vessel elements, such as the type of perforation plate, the number of bars and type of parietal thickening, are proved to be important for establishing the relationship among taxa. Scalariform perforation plate and the scalariform parietal thickening are frequent in Zingiberaceae and may be a plesiomorphic condition for this taxon. In the Principal Component Analysis, the most significant characters of the vessel elements were: simple perforation plates and partially pitted parietal thickening, found only in Alpinieae tribe, and 40 or more bars composing the plate in Elettariopsis curtisii, Renealmia chrysotricha, Zingiber spectabile, Z. officinale, Curcuma and Globba species. Vessel elements characters of 18 species of Alpinieae, Zingibereae and Globbeae were first described in this work.

Isolation and characterization of cyclo-(tryptophanyl-prolyl) and chloramphenicol from Streptomyces sp. SUK 25 with antimethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity.

BackgroundZingiber spectabile, commonly known as Beehive Ginger, is used as an ethnobotanical plant in many countries as an appetizer or to treat stomachache, toothache, muscle sprain, and as a cure for swelling, sores and cuts. This is the first report of isolation of Streptomyces strain from the root of this plant. Strain Universiti Kebangsaan 25 (SUK 25) has a very high activity to produce secondary metabolites against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates due to acquired multidrug resistance genes and causes medication failure in some clinical cases worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence exhibited that the most closely related strain was Streptomyces omiyaensis NBRC 13449T (99.0% similarity).AimThis study was conducted to carry out the extraction, identification, and biological evaluation of active metabolites isolated from SUK 25 against three MRSA strains, namely, MRSA ATCC 43300, MRSA ATCC 33591, and MRSA ATCC 49476.Materials and methodsThe production of secondary metabolites by this strain was optimized through Thronton’s media. Isolation, purification, and identification of the bioactive compounds were carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance.ResultsDuring screening procedure, SUK 25 exhibited good antimicrobial potential against several strains of MRSA. The best biological activity was shown from fraction number VII and its subfractions F2 and F3 with minimum inhibitory concentration values at 16 µg/mL and 8 µg/mL, respectively. These two subfractions were identified as diketopiperazine cyclo-(tryptophanyl-prolyl) and chloramphenicol.ConclusionOn the basis of obtained results, SUK 25 isolated from Z. spectabile can be regarded as a new valuable source to produce secondary metabolites against bacteria, especially MRSA.

Potássio, cálcio e magnésio na micropropagação de plantas tropicais ornamentais

Considering the increase in economical importance of species belong to Zingiberaceae family for floriculture and the advantages of techniques applied to micropropagation of these plants, it is necessary to carry out studies about growth of species in these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro development of Etlingera elatior, Zingiber spectabile and Alpinia purpurata under different ratios of K, Ca and Mg. The treatments were based on MS medium with K: Mg ratios (mmol L-1) of: 22K:1Mg, 20K:3Mg, 16K:7Mg, 12K:11Mg, 8K:15Mg 4K:19Mg; K:Ca ratios (mmol L-1) of: 22K:4Ca, 20K:6Ca, 16K:10Ca, 12K:14Ca, 8K:16Ca and 4K:22Ca; with five replications, and two seedlings per pot. Explants used were obtained from in vitro rhizomes, kept in a room at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C under irradiance 52W m-2 s-1 and 16 hours photoperiod. After 80 days, seedlings were harvest and have the about number of leaves, height and length of root measured. After, seedlings were separated in shoots and roots, dried and carried out chemical analysis of plant tissue. It is possible to improve the Zingiberaceae plants growth during the micropropagation, changing the concentrations of original formulation MS medium. For K are recommended concentrations of 22 mmol L-1 to Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile cultivation and 16 mmol L-1 for Alpinia purpurata. For Ca, we recommend the concentrations of 4 mmol L-1 for Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile and from 8 to 10 mmol L-1 for Alpinia purpurata. A higher concentration of Mg for in vitro cultivation Etlingera elatior is required. For Zingiber spectabile and Alpinia purpurata it was recommended the proposed merger among MS original concentration of 3 mmol L-1 of this macronutrient.

POSTHARVEST CONSERVATION OF ORNAMENTAL GINGER (ZINGIBER SPECTABILE)

Techniques to prolong the longevity of ornamental ginger (Zingiber spectabile) are essential because it is a species much appreciated as cut inflorescence in floral arrangements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different commercial products and different vase solutions on postharvest longevity and quality of ornamental ginger inflorescences. Inflorescences were placed in a plastic vase containing 1 L of vase solution and kept at room temperature. Evaluated treatments were: T1 (tap water), T2 (Hidrosan(TM) - 0.8 g L-1 sodium dichloroisocyanurate), T3 (Aspirin(TM) - acetylsalicylic acid - 1 tablet L-1 of tap water), T4 (50 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite), T5 (5% coconut water + Hidrosan(TM) - 0.8 g L-1 sodium dichloroisocyanurate), T6 (1 L of tap water + 10 ml of lemon juice + 6 g of sucrose + 50 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications and three inflorescences per plot. The completely randomized design with split plot in time was used to evaluate the fresh weight behavior over time. The inflorescences kept in vase solution containing Hidrosan(TM) showed a small difference between initial and final fresh weight and the inflorescences kept in solution composed of coconut water plus Hidrosan(TM), showed a bigger difference. There was no significant difference between treatments for quality, longevity, water absorption, and anatomical structures. The average longevity of inflorescences was 9 days. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that tap water is sufficient to keep quality and longevity of ornamental ginger inflorescences.

Molecular Diversity from Selected Zingiberaceae

Zingiberaceae is a ginger family, distributed throughout tropics, particularly in South East Asia. In Peninsular itself there are at least 150 species. Several ginger species are used as ingredients in traditional medicine including halia bara (Zingiber officinale var. rubra), turmeric (Curcuma domestica), lempoyang (Z. zerumbet), temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa), temu lawak (C. xanthorrhiza), bonglai (Z. cassumunar) and setawar (Costus speciosus). They are usually associated with post-partum treatment after child birth. A number of ginger species, such as the true ginger (Z. officinale), turmeric (C. domestica), lengkuas (Alpinia galanga), kantan (Phaemoria speciosa), cekur (Kaempferia galanga) and pelaga (Amomum cardamomum) are used mainly for spices by the Malays, Chinese and Indians. Another economic importance is their usage as ornamental plants, such as Alpinia purpurata, Hedychium coronarium, and Zingiber spectabile. Systematic study on the species are carried out due to the wide ranges of usage, for the production of bioactive compounds useful for agro, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. This paper will present some of the findings on the phytochemicals of selected plants of Zingiberaceae. These include sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids and phenylpropanoids. Some of these constituents have been found to show some interesting bioactivities, such as antimicrobes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer as well as tyrosinase inhibition activities.

Soluções conservantes e pulsing na pós-colheita de Zingiber spectabile

Os aspectos pós-colheita de flores tropicais ainda são pouco conhecidos, não havendo uma metodologia estabelecida para esta etapa do processo produtivo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de soluções conservantes e sacarose na conservação pós-colheita de sorvetão (Zingiber spectabile Griff.). Hastes florais de, aproximadamente, 40,0 cm, com brácteas túrgidas e coloração característica, foram colhidas e submetidas a um processo de limpeza, em laboratório da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras (MG), em 2010. Posteriormente, foram dispostas em recipientes plásticos, contendo 1,0 L de solução correspondente a diferentes tratamentos: água pura (controle); conservante comercial Crystal Clear® (7,5 mL L-1); hipoclorito de cálcio (5%); conservante comercial Florissant® (1 pastilha L-1); e pulsing com Hydraflor-100® (16,0 mL L-1) e com solução de sacarose (10%). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, utilizando-se três inflorescências por repetição (parcela). Os tratamentos foram mantidos em sala com temperatura de 18ºC e umidade relativa de 70%. A qualidade visual foi avaliada com base em uma escala de notas, sendo, diariamente, avaliados o volume absorvido e a massa fresca das hastes florais. O uso de pulsing com Hydraflor-100® proporcionou maior massa de hastes florais e maior período de comercialização de sorvetão.

Caracterização de sintomas visuais de deficiências de macronutrientes e boro em plantas de gengibre ornamental

<p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os sintomas visuais de deficiência de macronutrientes e boro em plantas de gengibre ornamental em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do DCS/UFLA, Lavras-MG. O esquema estatístico utilizado foi o DIC com três repetições, contendo oito tratamentos, em solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon (1950). Os tratamentos foram: solução nutritiva completa (controle) e soluções nutritivas com omissões individuais de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e B. Após a germinação, as mudas foram transferidas para a solução nutritiva completa 10% da sua força iônica, permanecendo sob aeração constante. As plantas foram selecionadas quanto à uniformidade de tamanho da parte aérea e raízes. Posteriormente, foram transplantadas para vasos de plástico (8 litros) com solução nutritiva a 100%. Os sintomas observados foram fotografados e descritos. Após a manifestação dos sintomas visuais de deficiência, as plantas foram colhidas. As plantas submetidas à omissão de N apresentaram clorose generalizada das folhas mais velhas, evoluindo para toda a planta, e porte reduzido. As omissões de K e Ca ocasionaram redução do crescimento da planta (parte área e raiz) quando comparado com o tratamento completo. As plantas sob omissão de Mg inicialmente apresentaram clorose internerval no ápice das folhas mais velhas e com o avanço dos sintomas as áreas cloróticas evoluíram para necroses marginais. As plantas cultivadas com omissão de S não apresentaram sintomas visuais de deficiência. Já as plantas com deficiência de B apresentaram folhas mais novas menores, mal-formadas e encarquilhadas, e algumas praticamente não apresentavam limbo foliar. As omissões dos nutrientes N, P, K Ca, e B Mg causam alterações morfológicas traduzidas em sintomas visuais de deficiência. A manifestação dos sintomas de deficiência ocorre primeiramente nos tratamentos com omissão de N e Mg, sendo as deficiências de N, Ca e K as que mais afetam a parte área. A omissão de macronutrientes e de boro afeta os índices biométricos e a produção de matéria seca de gengibre ornamental.</p>

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of flavonoids and curcuminoids from Zingiber spectabile Griff.

The antioxidant potential of spectaflavoside A (1) along with kaempferol and its four acetylrhamnosides (2–6), demethoxycurcumin (7) and curcumin (8), isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile was evaluated using three different assays; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assay, while their antibacterial activities against eight different food-borne bacteria; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus aureus were determined using broth microdilution assay. The highest antioxidant activity in all assays was demonstrated by kaempferol (6), with more that 89% of activity. This was followed by curcumin (8) and demethoxycurcumin (7). These two curcuminoids were found to have the potential in extending the shelf-life of different food products as compared with other tested compounds due to the higher antioxidant activities that are ranging from 56.27% in FRAP assay to 77.27% in β-carotene bleaching assay, and minimum inhibitory concentrations against six food-borne bacteria are ranged from 62.50 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL. Hence, this would suggest that the rhizomes of Z. spectabile may be a promising source of natural preservative in the food industry.

ChemInform Abstract: Spectaflavoside A, a New Potent Iron Chelating Dimeric Flavonol Glycoside from the Rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile Griff.

ChemInformVolume 43, Issue 41 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Spectaflavoside A, a New Potent Iron Chelating Dimeric Flavonol Glycoside from the Rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile Griff. Yasodha Sivasothy, Yasodha Sivasothy Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorA. Hamid A. Hadi, A. Hamid A. Hadi Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKhalit Mohamad, Khalit Mohamad Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKok Hoong Leong, Kok Hoong Leong Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorHalijah Ibrahim, Halijah Ibrahim Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorShaida Fariza Sulaiman, Shaida Fariza Sulaiman Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKheng Leong Ooi, Kheng Leong Ooi Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKhalijah Awang, Khalijah Awang Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this author Yasodha Sivasothy, Yasodha Sivasothy Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorA. Hamid A. Hadi, A. Hamid A. Hadi Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKhalit Mohamad, Khalit Mohamad Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKok Hoong Leong, Kok Hoong Leong Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorHalijah Ibrahim, Halijah Ibrahim Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorShaida Fariza Sulaiman, Shaida Fariza Sulaiman Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKheng Leong Ooi, Kheng Leong Ooi Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this authorKhalijah Awang, Khalijah Awang Dep. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malay.Search for more papers by this author First published: 13 September 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201241204Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume43, Issue41October 9, 2012 RelatedInformation

Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Zingiber spectabile Griff

The essential oils of the leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile Griff. were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) following the isolation by hydrodistillation. In total, 80 compounds were identified in its leaf and rhizome oils. Both oils were sesquiterpenic in nature but with distinctly different odors. The most abundant components in the leaf oil were β-caryophyllene (21.3%) and β-elemene (12.5%), whereas the rhizomes yielded an oil rich in zerumbone (59.1%). The antibacterial activities of both oils against multidrug-resistant strains and food-borne pathogens were evaluated by the disc diffusion assay and by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The leaf oil was inactive against all tested microorganisms, whereas the rhizome oil exhibited weak activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Spectaflavoside A, a new potent iron chelating dimeric flavonol glycoside from the rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile Griff.

The rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile yielded a new dimeric flavonol glycoside for which the name kaempferol-3-O-(4″-O-acetyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside-(I-6,II-8)-kaempferol-3-O-(4″-O-acetyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside; spectaflavoside A (1) was proposed, along with kaempferol and its four acetylrhamnosides (2–6), demethoxycurcumin (7) and curcumin (8). The structure of spectaflavoside A was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report on the occurrence of a dimeric flavonol glycoside in the Zingiberaceae and the second in nature. Spectaflavoside A was found to be a potent iron chelating agent.

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e rizobactérias promotoras de crescimento na aclimatização de zingiber spectabile

Microrganismos benéficos exercem importantes funções para a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento de plantas micropropagadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e rizobactérias promotores de crescimento de plantas (RPCP), isolados e/ou combinados (em dupla inoculação) na aclimatização de Zingiber spectabile Griff. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando tubetes de 300 mL e pó da casca de coco (Amafibra®) como substrato. O delineamento foi do tipo inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos de inoculação com FMA [Glomus etunicatum (Ge) e a mistura de G. etunicatum com Gigaspora margarita (Ge/Gm)], dois tratamentos de inoculação com RPCP [Bacillus thuringiensis (HPF14) e B. pumilus (HPS6)], quatro tratamentos com a combinação destes microrganismos [Ge+HPS6, Ge+HPF14, Ge/Gm+HPS6 e Ge/Gm+HPF14], e o tratamento-controle (não inoculado), em oito repetições. Após 90 dias de cultivo foram avaliados: percentual de sobrevivência, altura, área foliar, biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea (BFA e BSA) e radicular (BFR e BSR), colonização micorrízica (CM) e conteúdo de macro e micronutrientes na parte aérea. A coinoculação (Ge/Gm+HPS6) favoreceu significativamente a micorrização em relação aos demais tratamentos, e resultou em maior BFA em relação às plantas submetidas à inoculação com HPF14. Embora a sobrevivência das mudas na aclimatização tenha sido de 100%, de modo geral o desenvolvimento de Z. spectabile inoculado com HPF14 isolado e/ou combinado com os FMA é inferior ao observado para as plantas controle. O resultado sugere que o uso dos microrganismos promotores do crescimento de plantas deve se feito com cautela, considerando a relação custo/benefício da aplicação.

First isolation of sesquiterpenes and flavonoids from Zingiber spectabile and identification of zerumbone as the major cell growth inhibitory component

Nine sesquiterpenes and eight flavonoids were isolated from Zingiber spectabile for the first time. Structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. The major compound zerumbone (1) was found to be the most active (IC50 13 μg mL−1) in cell growth inhibitory assay against colon carcinoma SW480 cells.

Volatiles of the Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Sm. and Zingiber spectabile Griff.: Two Zingiberaceae Cultivated in the Amazon

The volatiles of Etlingera elatior and Zingiber spectabile (Zingiberaceae), cultivated in the state of Pará were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components identified in the oils of inflorescence and inflorescence axis of E. elatior were dodecanol (42.5%, 34.6%), dodecanal (14.5%, 21.5%) and α-pinene (22.2%, 6.3%), respectively. The inflorescence oil of Z. spectabilis was rich in β-phellandrene (45.3%), α-pinene (13.4%) and β-pinene (11.0%).