Zinc-like Ions Research Articles

Multi-configuration Dirac—Hartree—Fock (MCDHF) calculations for Zn-like sequence from Z = 48 to 54

The 4s4p excitation energies and the 4s2−4s4p E1 transitions for zinc-like ions from Z = 48 to 54 are calculated by the multi-configuration Dirac—Hartree—Fock (MCDHF) method in this paper. The results for fine-structure energy levels, wavelengths and lifetimes between Z = 48 (Cd) and Z = 54 (Xe) are presented and compared with other theoretical and experimental results. The calculated values including core-valence correlation are found to be very similar to other theoretical and experimental values. We believe that our calculated values can guide experimentalists in identifying the fine-structure levels in their future work.

Ionization energies and fine structure splittings of highly correlated systems: Zn, zinc-like ions and copper-like ions

The low-lying ionization energies and fine structure splittings of highly correlated systems, Zn and zinc-like ions, are computed using relativistic multireference many-body perturbation theory with large Gaussian-spinor basis sets. The relativistic multireference perturbation calculations reproduces the ionization energies of Zn and zinc-like ions to unprecedented accuracy, with the largest deviation between theory and experiment of 0.17 percent. Contributions to the ionization energy of relativity, Dirac–Coulomb and Breit correlation corrections, and the Lamb shift, are analyzed.

The 4s2 1S0 -4s4p 3P1o intercombination line in the zinc-like ions: Ga II, Kr VII, Sr IX, Nb XII, Mo XIII, Rh XVI and Ag XVIII

Transition probabilities are calculated for the 4s2 1S0 -4s4p 3P1o intercombination line in the zinc-like ions Ga II, Kr VII, Sr IX, Nb XII, Mo XIII, Rh XVI and Ag XVIII using the configuration interaction (CI) code CIV3. The calculation involves valence shell correlation, use of model potentials to account for core polarization and the inclusion of relativistic effects. Adjustments are made to the diagonal elements of the Hamiltonian matrix so that eigenvalue differences agree with experimental energy differences, so effectively experimental energies are used for transition energies and to refine the CI mixing coefficients of the wave functions. Both the A-values and the lifetimes of the transition for the various ions are compared with recent experimental and other theoretical results. The present results are sufficiently accurate to provide a benchmark for the analysis of the experimental data.

Additions to the spectra and energy levels of the zinc-like ions Y X-Cd XIX

Transitions from 4p4d 1F and 3F have been identified in the spectra Y X-Cd XIX emitted from laserproduced plasmas. Energy levels have been derived, and the term structure has been studied with special emphasis on the 4s4f-4p4d configuration interaction.

Identification of n = 4, Δn = 0 transitions in the spectra of nickel-like and zinc-like ions through tin

Spectra of multicharged ions have been analyzed for all stable elements in the period from Z = 37 (Rb) to Z = 50 (Sn), in the region of n = 4, Δn = 0 transitions. The transition arrays (4s2 + 4p2 + 4s4d)-4s4p, 4s4f and 3d94s, 3d94d-3d94p have been identified in zinc-like and nickel-like ions respectively, with the help of the ab initio relativistic parametric potential method and of the Slater-Condon method with generalized least-squares fits of energy parameters.

Identification of n = 5 to n = 4 transitions in zinc-like ions from yttrium to tin (Y X-Sn XXI)

Transitions 5s-4p, 5p-4s are identified in the zinc-like spectra of ten elements from yttrium (Y X) to tin (Sn XXI). Systematic comparison of experimental wavelengths with the results of the relativistic parametric potential method led to revise the earlier identification of the first excited level 4s4p 3P0° in this sequence.

The n=4, Δn=0 transitions of eight-times ionized strontium (Sr IX)

Twenty-one transitions of eight-times ionized strontium (Sr IX) have been identified, from which all energy levels of 4s 2, 4s4p, 4p 2 and 4s4d are derived. The comparison of experimental energies with relativistic ab initio evaluations makes it possible to predict strong lines in the spectra of neighbouring zinc-like ions.

4s^2^1S_0–4S4p ^1P_1 transitions in zinclike ions

The 4s2 1S0–4s4p1P1 transitions of 20 zinclike ions from Ru14+ to Dy36+ were observed in a laser-produced plasma with a 10.7-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. Also, new observations were made of the 3d–4f transitions of Fe15+. Based on the new wavelengths obtained for these Fe transitions and improved wavelengths recently publshed for other Fe ions, revised values were determined for the 4s2 1S0–4s4p1P1 transitions in ten zinclike ions from Ba26+ to W44+ observed by Reader and Luther [ Phys. Rev. Lett.45, 609– 613 ( 1980)] for which a laser-produced spectrum of Fe was used for wavelength calibration.

Spectra of Very Highly Charged Cu- and Zn-Like Ions

The $4s\ensuremath{-}4p$, $4p\ensuremath{-}4d$, and $4d\ensuremath{-}4f$ transitions of ten copperlike and zinclike ions from ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{26+}$ to ${\mathrm{W}}^{45+}$ have been observed by means of a laser-produced plasma and a 2.2-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. The spectra are accompanied by a prominent continuum lying just below the $4p^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}4d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transitions in the copperlike ions. The results support the identification of the resonance lines of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{24+}$ and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{25+}$ in the Princeton University ST tokamak by Hinnov.

4s−4pResonance Transitions in Highly Charged Cu- and Zn-like Ions

The $4s\ensuremath{-}4p$ resonance transitions in the copperlike and zinclike ions from Rb to Mo have been observed by means of a low-inductance open spark and a 10.7-m grazing-incidence spectrograph. Lines belonging to highly charged ions could be distinguished by their abnormally large widths. The observations confirm the identification of the resonance lines of Mo xiii and Mo xiv in the Princeton University $\mathrm{ST}$ tokamak by Hinnov, Johnson, Meservey, and Dimock.