Zinc Mixed Ligand Complexes Research Articles

Efficiency of use of zinc mixed liganding complex in compound feeds for chicken broilers

The effectiveness of the use of zinc mixed-ligand complex in feed for broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 was studied. It was found that the reduction of the dose of introduction into compound feeds for broiler chickens, for periods of cultivation of 5-21, 22-35 and 36-42 days, of mixed zinc complex from 60, 50 and 40 g to 45, 37,5 and 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed shows the best results. Live weight of broilers of the 2nd group, which depending on the growing period 5-21, 22-35 and 36-42 days, consumed feed with mixed ligand complex Zinc in a dose corresponding to the introduction of 37.5, 30.0 and 25, 0 g of element per 1 ton of compound feed was the highest and at the age of 42 was 2669.2 g, which was 7.1% higher than that of the control group chickens. It was found that the use of zinc mixed-ligand complex in the doses corresponding to the introduction, by age, 37,5, 30,0 and 25,0 and 30,0, 25,0 and 20,0 g of element per ton of compound feed, compared with the introduction of mixed ligand complex at doses corresponding to the introduction of 1 t of compound feed 45, 37.5 and 30 g of element, increases the average daily increments for the whole period of the experiment by 4.2 and 2.9 g, or 7.2 (P <0, 05) and 5.1%. Feeding mixed fodder with zinc mixed ligand increased sales revenue by 28.4% and profitability of broiler meat production from 37.2% to 47.1%. Thus, the profit per head increased from 22.6 to 28.65 UAH. As a result of the production check, it is established that, provided the same selling price for the products, the use of compound feeds with the addition of zinc zinc-ligand complex has a positive effect on the conservation of livestock, increases the weight of the carcass, reduces feed costs for growth, which leads to increased profits increasing the level of profitability of meat production of broiler chickens. Key words: zinc mixed ligand complex, zinc sulfate, broiler chickens, daily average gain, control group, experimental group, economic efficiency, production check.

Digestibility of feed nutrients, nutrient excretion and nutrient retention in broilers under consumption of combined feed with sulfate and zinc-mixed ligand complex

Digestibility of the feed nutrients and the chemical elements balance in broiler chickens were studied under use of mixed feed with sulfate and Zink-mixed ligand complex in the physiological experiment that was conducted in the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. A tendency to increase the level of feed nutrients digestibility in the experimental groups of broiler chickens consuming mixed fodders with Zinc-mixed ligand complex was revealed in the conducted experiment. The nutrients digestibility indices were the highest in the chickens of the experimental group 3 where Zink-mixed ligand complex was added to the mixed feed. 45, 37.5 and 30 g of the element was added per 1 ton of mixed feed, respectively, for the growing period of 5-21, 22-35 and 36-42 days. The protein digestibility in this group was 89.2, fat - 82.5, fiber - 12.9 and Nitrogen free extractive substances (NFES) - 83.8%. The lowest digestibility indices of the nutrients were in the control group chickens, which, depending on the age, consumed feeds added with Zinc sulfate at doses corresponding to the introduction of 60, 50, and 40 g of the element per 1 ton of feed - 60.8, 80.2, 11.27, and 82.2%, respectively. Indicators of Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Zinc deposits in the body were also higher in the chicks of the experimental group 3 consuming the feed with Zink-mixed ligand complex. Feeding the birds with Zinc-mixed ligand complex as a component of mixed feed, in comparison with sulfate, improves the nutrients digestibility and increases the amount of chemical elements deposited in the body, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of the additive.

The feeding of the broiler chickens on fodder with sulphate and Zink mixed ligand complex and their slaughter characteristics

The effectiveness of the use of sulfate and the mixed zinc ligand complex Zinc and the effect of their feeding on the slaughter indicators of broilers of the Cobb-500 cross were studied after the completion of scientific and economic experience and control slaughter conducted in the premises of the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agricultural University. The difference in feeding conditions between the groups was that for the poultry of the first group, depending on age, compound feed was prepared using zinc sulfate in a dose corresponding to the introduction of 60, 50 and 40 g of element per 1 ton of feed (control), for the second - using a mixed zinc ligand complex at a dose that also corresponds to the introduction of 60, 50 and 40 g of element per 1 ton, and for the third - using a zinc mixed mixed ligand complex at a dose corresponding to the introduction of 45, 37.5 and 30 g. Zinc concentration in the mixed fodder decreased as the age of birds increased. The control slaughter, which has been carried out after the experiment, shows that the different dose use of Sulphate and Zinc mixed ligand complex differently influences on the slaughter characteristics of the control and experimental bird groups. Thus, the largest pre-slaughter weight (2649.3 g) of broiler chicks of the 3rd group is (p <0.01) if they consume mixed fodder with a mixed ligand complex of Zinc at doses corresponding to the adding of 45, 37.5 and 30 g of the element per 1 ton of mixed fodder. The pre-slaughter weight of the 2nd group, which has consumed mixed fodder with Zinc mixed ligand complex at a dose corresponding to adding 60, 50 and 40 g of the element per 1 ton of feed is also higher than in the control group (2549.3 g). But the probable difference for this index is not established. In general, the pre-slaughtered weight of the 2nd and 3rd group is higher than the weight of the the control group, respectively by 4.6 and 8.7 %. Regarding the mass of the gutted carcass, it was also greater in the birds of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, and the difference was significant. An analysis of the relative indicators of the yield of slaughter products showed that they were better in poultry that consumed compound feeds with a mixed zinc ligand complex. So, the output of a half-gutted carcass was the largest among broilers of the 3rd experimental group (84.19 %), and the difference in this indicator compared with the control was significant (p <0.05). Chickens of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups showed a tendency to increase the output of the pectoral muscles, muscles of the limbs, skin, lungs and heart. The results of scientific and economic experience have shown that feeding compound feed with the mixed zinc ligand complex, in comparison with sulfate, can improve the slaughter quality and yield of edible carcasses. The relative index analysis of the slaughter products reveals that the poultry fed on Zinc mixed ligand complex, has better result. Thus, the yield of a semi-eviscerated carcass is the highest in broiler chicks of the experimental group № 3 (84.19 %), and the difference in this characteristics has been compared with the control group (p <0.05). There is an output increasing tendency of the thoracic muscles, limb muscles, skin, lung and heart in the 2nd and 3rd experimental group. But the probable difference of these indexes in the control and experimental groups has not been established, except for the heart output. Thus, it can be concluded that broiler chicks fed on fodder with Zinc mixed ligand complex, in comparison with Sulfate one, makes it possible to improve the slaughter characteristics and the yield of edible parts of the carcass, and the optimum dose is equivalent to 37.5 g of the element per 1 ton of the feed. Key words: broiler chickens, pre-slaughter weight, slaughter yield, carcass weight, mass of internal organs, Zinc mixed ligand complex, Zinc sulfate.

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF A ZINC MIXED LIGAND COMPLEX IN HIGH-FAT DIET - LOW-DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: Due to the multifactorial and multisystemic nature of diabetes mellitus (DM), it is often treated with a combination of therapeutic agents. Earlier, we have synthesized and characterized several organozinc complexes and evaluated their safety and antidiabetic properties in experimental DM. In the present study, a new zinc mixed ligand (metformin-3-hydroxyflavone) was synthesized and characterized by various spectral studies and its antidiabetic properties were evaluated in high-fat diet (HFD) fed – low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 2 D (T2D) in rats.Methods: The zinc mixed ligand complex was characterized by spectral studies. The toxicity and dosage fixation studies were carried out as per OECD guidelines 423. HFD fed low-dose STZ-induced T2DM in rats was used as the experimental model. The hypoglycemic efficacy of the complex was evaluated through oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR), QUICK I and by determining the status of important biochemical parameters. The activities of marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were assayed. Metformin was used as a standard drug.Results: The spectral data evidenced the synthesis of a new zinc mixed ligand complex. The biochemical studies evidenced that the oral administration of the complex at a concentration of 10 mg/kg b.w/rat/day for 30 days to diabetic rats significantly improved the glucose homeostasis which was comparable to metformin treatment (50 mg/kg b.w).Conclusion: The zinc mixed complex possesses significant antidiabetic properties in ameliorating IR and stimulatory properties.

Synthesis of a New Zinc-Mixed Ligand Complex and Evaluation of Its Antidiabetic Properties in High Fat Diet: Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats.

Due to the multifactorial and multisystemic nature of diabetes mellitus, it is often treated with a combination of therapeutic agents having different mode of action. Earlier, we have synthesized several organozinc complexes and evaluated their safety and antidiabetic properties in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). More recently, we have synthesized a metformin-3-hydroxyflavone complex and studied its antidiabetic efficacy in experimental rats. In the present study, a new zinc-mixed ligand (metformin-3-hydroxyflavone) was synthesized, characterized by spectral studies and its antidiabetic properties was evaluated in HFD fed—low dose streptozotocin induced T2DM in rats. The hypoglycemic efficacy of the complex was evaluated through oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and by determining the status of important biochemical parameters. Oral administration of the complex at a concentration of 10 mg/kg body weight/rat/day for 30 days significantly improved the glucose homeostasis. The complex possesses significant antidiabetic properties relatively at a less concentration than metformin-3-hydroxyflavone complex in ameliorating hyperglycemia.

Speciation of Zinc Mixed Ligand Complexes in Salt Water Systems

Amalgam voltammetric method has been used to study heavy metal interaction in model lake water in KNO3 at 23¼C at concentration levels of genuine lake water of total ionic strength 1.44 M. Hanging drop amalgam electrode was prepared in situ before exchanging the medium containing Zn2+ ions for the sample solution with ligands of known concentrations. Half-wave potentials at the actual metal ion concentration in the lake and at a much lower one (10-2 times) were experimentally determined. Shifts in half-wave potentials are used to compute metal complex formation constants. The study reveals the existence of various species and a prediction is made of the distribution of the major labile complex species of Zn2+ present in the lake water. The concentration level of Zn2+ ions in the lake seems to play a role in determining the number of complexes formed and their stabilities. The results show that hydroxo/chloro and hydroxo/fluoro mixed ligand complexes have free Zn2+ ions as predominant species at the natural pH of the lake water and these systems are, therefore, potentially polluting. However, the contribution of OH- ions to the speciation of Zn is of no consequential effect because in its normal state, the [OH-] of the lake water is quite low and the aquatic life is, therefore, not threatened. The CO3 2- ions are the major contributors to the speciation of zinc in the lake water because the natural [CO3 2-] of 0.5 M is high. The normal lake water is thus, dominated by the carbonato complexes [ZnCO3Cl4]4-, [ZnCO3Cl2]2-, [ZnCO3Cl]- and to a less extent, ZnCO3. Keywords : Heavy metals, hanging drop electrode, amalgam voltammetry, speciation. Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (3) 2007: pp. 188-194