Blood Serum Zinc Research Articles

Risk of Trace Element Imbalance in Cases of Occupational Allergic Diseases

Introduction: The relevance of the study is attributed to the lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of development and specifics of the clinical picture of occupational allergic diseases. Objective: To establish the levels of essential trace elements in biological substrates of patients with occupational allergies. Materials and methods: In 2014–2018, we analyzed zinc and copper levels in urine, blood serum, and lymphocytes of patients with occupational allergic skin and respiratory diseases by the atomic absorption method. Relative risk was calculated using a four-field contingency table. Results: In patients with work-related allergic contact dermatitis and bronchial asthma, zinc and copper concentrations in blood serum increased while urinary excretion of these elements decreased. Quantitative patterns of the concentrations of trace elements in body fluids of the patients with skin and respiratory allergies were unidirectional compared to the reference group. Relative risk values showed that lower levels of copper in urine and zinc in blood serum and lymphocytes, as well as higher serum copper indicated the risk of trace element imbalance in the body. Conclusion: The risk of trace element imbalance due to occupational allergic diseases is associated with impaired copper and zinc balance. Our findings prove that the levels of microelements are additional factors that aggravate the course of occupational allergic disorders.

Distribution of Zinc in Muscle, Adipose Tissue and Blood Serum of Rats Under Conditions of Zinc-Deficient, Iodine-Deficient, High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Diets

The relevance of the study is due to the prevalence of hypothyroid dysfunction, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The study was carried out on sexually mature male rats that were on a standard vivarium diet (control group), zinc-deficient, iodine-deficient, high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Under the experimental conditions, the distribution of zinc in blood serum, adipose (visceral fat) and muscle (femoral and tibial muscles) tissues was studied. The study showed a decrease in serum zinc content by 13.79-30.89 % (p<0.05) compared to the control group, regardless of diet. The concentration of the trace element in adipose tissue was significantly reduced relative to the control under conditions of zinc deprivation (by 18.37 %, p<0.05), and especially high-fat feeding (by 74.74 %, p<0.001). The increase in the content of the trace element in muscles under conditions of zinc deficiency (by 36.84 %, p<0.001) compared to the same indicator in animals fed a standard diet) is noteworthy. Taking into account the role of the bioelement in the maintenance of thyroid homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, and antioxidant potential, the detected changes involving zinc may act as a trigger for changes in the hormonal profile, metabolic and oxidative disorders.

SERUM ZINC CONCENTRATION OF CORD BLOOD IN TERM NEONATES AT OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL

Background: Zinc is one of the important trace elements involved in many biological functions of the body. Newborns are susceptible to zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency in the mother during pregnancy can affect the status of zinc supply for the fetus. 70% is accumulated in the last trimester of pregnancy, so term neonates, especially premature neonates are at high risk of zinc deficiency. Several studies have shown that neonates zinc intake is related to maternal serum zinc status during pregnancy; there is a relationship between cord blood serum zinc concentration and birth weight, gestational age. Objectives: To investigate the serum zinc concentration of cord blood and examine several related factors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional description on 244 umbilical cord blood samples from a mother-child pair of term term neonates born at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy during the period from January, 2019 to December, 2019. Results: The median cord blood serum zinc concentration in term neonates was 8.0 (3.8 – 12.0) μmol/l. The rate of zinc deficiency in cord blood was 64.3%. The median umbilical cord blood serum zinc concentration in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates was 2.9 (0.0 – 5.9) μmol/l, in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates was 8.3 (4.2 – 12.2) μmol/l. 100% of SGA neonates have umbilical cord blood serum zinc deficiency. There is a relationship between cord blood zinc concentration and birth weight and length. There was no association between cord blood serum zinc concentration andsex, risk of neonatal infection, maternal disease, or fetal distress. Conclusion: The rate of zinc deficiency in cord blood is very high at 64.3%. Factors related to umbilical cord blood zinc concentration in term neonates were birth weight and length. Key words: zinc, umbilical cord blood, full-term newborn.

Changes in the serum level of the trace elements in chronic renal

Were studied changes in the concentration of copper, iron and zinc in blood serum of one hundred patients with chronic kidney and treated dialysis blood were also measured the level of calcium kidney and phosphate Calciotropic in serum of these patients took samples of blood from these patients before and after treatment dialysis vessels as well as the statement of changes in those standards Alkimaahiatih Results were compared with twenty-five healthy people (control group)

The Relationship between Cord Blood and Maternal Serum Zinc Levels and Birth Weight

Background: Examining the relationship between cord blood and maternal serum zinc levels and birth weight.Methods: A total of 127 infant-mother pairs were assigned to study (n = 58; with birth weight < 2500 g) and control (n = 69; with birth weight ≥ 2500 g) groups. Serum samples were collected from eligible mothers and cord blood of their low birth weight (LBW) or normal birth weight (NBW) healthy newborns. The inclusion criterion for the infant-mother pairs was lack of any medical complications. Serum zinc level was measured by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer method and the results were expressed in μg/dl. The two groups were compared in terms of maternal and cord blood serum zinc levels. Then, we evaluated their association with birth weight of neonates in both groups through Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS.Results: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences (Ir.umsu.rec.1393.108 1393/04/24). Participants were provided with detailed information about the study and were assured that confidentiality would be maintained at all times. Written consent was obtained prior to data collection.The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.1±5.8 years (age range: 18-40 years). The mean birth weight of the neonates in the two groups was 3275.9±552 kg. Pregnant women with serum zinc levels of higher than 70 μg/dl gave birth to neonates with birth weight higher than 3.5, whereas mothers with serum zinc levels of less than 60 μg/dl gave birth to infants with birth weight less than 3 kg (P=0.034). Mean serum zinc level in the cord blood of LBW group was 79.16±19.86 μg/dl, which was significantly lower than that in the NBW group (95.14±17.56 μg/dl; P<0.021). Similarly, mean maternal serum zinc level was 63.98±19.33 μg/dl in mothers who gave birth to LBW neonates, while it was 86.13±20.10 μg/dl in mothers with NBW neonates, indicating that serum zinc level was significantly lower in mothers with LBW infants than in those with NBW infants (P=0.017).Conclusion: Maternal and cord blood zinc concentrations were shown to be associated with birth weight of the newborns

Study of iron, zinc, stable strontium, and lithium contents in biological fluids and tissues in an experiment simulating space flight conditions

Atomic emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled argon plasma was used to measure contents of iron, zinc, stable strontium, and lithium in blood serum and its ultrafiltered fraction, as well as the level of their excretion in 24-h urine and hair, in a ground-based experiment simulating space flight conditions. The monitoring of iron levels of serum and its ultrafiltered fraction has shown a proper balance between the indicated parameters at all stages of the experiment. The iron forms bound to protein carriers were identified only in blood serum. The study in the conditions of the experiment has shown the dependence of blood serum zinc content on the nutritional status. The level of stable strontium excretion with 24-h urine can serve as a biological indicator of changes in its homeostasis. The experimental conditions have not been found to affect the form of serum lithium; i.e., lithium was invariably present in the ionized state and its content remained equal to the amount of ultrafiltered lithium in all blood samples investigated in all experimental periods.

THE EFFECT OF BLOOD AND MILK SERUM ZINC CONCENTRATION ON MILK SOMATIC CELL COUNT IN DAIRY COWS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood and milk zinc concentration on somatic cell count and occurrence of subclinical mastitis cases. The study was performed on thirty Holstein cows approximate same body weight, ages 3 to 5 years, with equally milk production. Blood samples were taken after the morning milking from the caudal vein and milk from all four quarters was taken before morning milking. All samples of blood and milk were taken to determined zinc, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 37.67% (11/30) cows have blood serum zinc concentration below 7µmol/l, and 63.33% or 19/30 cows have blood serum zinc concentration higher then 13µmol/l. Also 30% (9/30) cows have somatic cell count lower then 400.000/ml which indicate absence of subclinical mastitis, but 70% (21/30) cows have somatic cell count higher then 400.000/ml which indicate subclinical mastitis. Results indicate that cows with level of zinc in blood serum higher then 13 µmol/l have lower somatic cell count. Cows with lower zinc blood serum concentration then 7 µmol/l have high somatic cell count and high incidence of subclinical mastitis. According to results in this research there is no significant effect of milk serum zinc concentration on somatic cell count in dairy cows.

Effects of Zinc Sulfate on Subfertility Related to Male Factors: A Prospective Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Dierent studies found that zinc is necessary for sexual maturity, growth and fertility. But there are no distinct studies that clarify the role of zinc supplements on semen parameters. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the zinc supplement therapeutic eects on semen samples of infertile males. Patients and Methods: The study comprised one-hundred-twenty sub fertile males. The study was a double-blinded placebo- controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly allocated to treatment with zinc supplement (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60) groups. Subjects in both groups were given 10 mL, three times daily. In order to determine the sperm concentration, Motility and morphol- ogy, standardized semen and blood samples were obtained before and after treatment, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines; semen morphology according to strict criteria, and blood and semen zinc concentration also were measured. Eects of the two interventions were evaluated in sub fertile males. Results: Sub fertile males demonstrated a significant increase (8.8 7.4 10 6 cells/mL to 17.2 13.5 10 6 cells/mL) in concentration and normal sperm in zinc group versus the placebo group. Blood serum zinc concentration increased in the interventional group significantly (P = 0.000), and also semen plasma zinc concentration increased significantly (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Normal sperm percentage and total sperm concentration increased after zinc sulfate treatment. The beneficial eect of zinc and all results of the current study opened new way to medical purposes and public health researches.

Pharmacokinetics Of Zinc In Broiler Chickens After Single Intraingluvial Administration With Zinc Aspartate

Summary The pharmacokinetics of zinc was investigated in broiler chickens after single crop intubation of 50 mg/kg 5% zinc aspartate suspension in 2% carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Blood serum zinc concentrations were assayed on a biochemical analyzer. The pharmacokinetics of zinc was evaluated using two approaches – compartmental method and non-compartmental analysis using pharmacokinetic software (TopFit, v. 2.0). After the intraingluvial application, zinc was rapidly absorbed (t1/2abs. =0.1040.02 h) by the alimentary system of birds attaining Cmax of 63.603.94 mol/ml by hour 0.77 (compartmental method) and Cmax =69.274.35 mol/ml by hour 0.92 h (non-compartmental method). It is characterized with a long biological half-life (t1/2) of 13.821.63 h (compartmental analysis) and 15.961.73 h (non-compartmental analysis) and long mean residence times (MRT) 20.122.35 h and 23.002.50 h, respectively. The distribution in blood and extracellular fluid was good as seen from Vd(area) values 0.770.05 l/kg (compartmental analysis) and 0.650.05 l/kg (non-compartmental analysis).

Improving Reproducibility of Lab-on-a-Chip Sensor with Bismuth Working Electrode for Determining Zn in Serum by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

This work reports on the continuing development of a lab-on-a-chip electrochemical sensor for determination of zinc in blood serum using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The microscale sensor consists of a three electrode system, including an environmentally friendly bismuth working electrode, an integrated silver/silver chloride reference electrode, and a gold auxiliary electrode. The sensor demonstrates a linear response in 0.1 M acetate buffer at pH 6 for zinc concentrations in the 1–30 μM range. By optimizing bismuth film deposition and better control of the fabrication process, repeatability of the sensor was improved, reducing variability from 42% to <2%. Through optimization of electrolyte and stripping voltammetry parameters, limit of detection was greatly improved to 60 nM. The optimized sensor was also able to measure zinc in the extracted blood serum. Ultimately, with integrated sample preparation, the sensor will permit rapid (min) measurements of zinc from a sub-mL sample (a few drops of blood) for clinical applications.

The influence of blood and milk serum zinc concentration on milk somatic cell count in dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of blood and milk zinc concentration on somatic cell count, milk production and occurrence of subclinical mastitis cases. The study was performed on thirty Holstein cows approximate same body weight, ages 3 to 5 years, with equally milk production. Blood samples were taken after the morning milking from the caudal vein and milk from all four quarters was taken during morning milking. All samples of blood and milk were taken to determined zinc, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 37.67% (11/30) cows have blood serum zinc concentration below 7?mol/l, and 63.33% or 19/30 cows have blood serum zinc concentration higher then 13?mol/l. Also 30% (9/30) cows have somatic cell count lower then 400.000/ml which indicate absence of subclinical mastitis, but 70% (21/30) cows have somatic cell count higher then 400.000/ml which indicate subclinical mastitis. According to all results in this research, zinc has very important influence on reducing subclinical mastitis and somatic cell count in milk of dairy cows.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND ZINC BLOOD SERUM CONCENTRATION IN DAIRY COWS

The study was conducted on 15 Holstein-Friesian cows aged between 3 and 5 years kept in the free grazing conditions in summer. The samples of milk were taken twice a year for monitoring subclinical mastitis. In addition to milk samples, the blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of zinc in serum. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis in high yielding cows was estimated based on the values of zinc concentration in blood serum and somatic cells of milk. By analyzing the samples of blood serum, a variation in the concentration of zinc in blood serum was noted depending on the season. Somatic cell count in the spring and autumn period in average was over 400.000/ml milk. Based on statistical analysis, the correlation test, it was concluded that the concentration of zinc in blood serum of cows in the experimental group had no significant effect on the somatic cells count in milk.

Influence of Rangelia vitalii (Apicomplexa: Piroplasmorida) on Copper, Iron, and Zinc Bloodstream Levels in Experimentally Infected Dogs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of copper, iron, and zinc in blood serum of dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii (n = 7) compared with uninfected controls (n = 5). Serum metal levels were determined in blood samples collected at days 0, 10, 15, and 20 post-infection (PI). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used to measure the levels of copper, iron, and zinc. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among groups PI. Increased levels of copper and decreased levels of iron and zinc were observed in the infected animals. The infection by R. vitalii may, therefore, alter the serum metal levels, resulting in metabolic disorders in dogs. These metals are directly involved in many enzymatic systems; accordingly, alterations in their blood concentrations may also influence the pathogenesis of disease.

Assessment of Reference Values for Copper and Zinc in Blood Serum of First and Second Lactating Dairy Cows

The influence of different copper and zinc contents in rations on blood serum concentrations in dependence on feeding (Groups A and B) and lactation (Lactation 1 and 2) was tested in a feeding trial with 60 German Holstein cows. All animals received a diet based on maize and grass silage ad libitum. 30 cows received a concentrate supplemented with copper and zinc as recommended (Group A), whereas the other 30 animals were offered a concentrate with roughly double the amount of copper and zinc (Group B). Blood samples were taken several times during the lactation to analyse serum concentrations of copper and zinc. Copper serum concentration was influenced neither by the different feeding (11.7 μmol/L in Group A and 12.3 μmol/L in Group B) nor by the lactation (12.0 μmol/L in Lactation 1 and 12.1 μmol/L in Lactation 2). Zinc serum concentration was significantly influenced as well as by feeding (14.1 μmol/L in Group B and 12.5 μmol/L in Group A) and lactation (14.2 μmol/L in the second lactation and 12.8 μmol/L for first lactating cows). For an exact diagnosis of trace element supply, blood serum is a not qualified indicator; other sources (feedstuffs, liver, hair) must also be investigated.

Dietary Zinc Requirement of Hybrid Striped Bass, Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis, and Bioavailability of Two Chemically Different Zinc Compounds

Abstract Zinc is a trace mineral element that plays an essential role in numerous biochemical processes, and has been shown to affect growth and health of several fish species. However, the dietary zinc requirement of hybrid striped bass has not been defined. Therefore, a feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary requirement for zinc by this fish and to compare zinc bioavailability of two chemically different forms (zinc sulfate and zinc proteinate). Six experimental diets were formulated with purified ingredients and supplemented with ZnSO4 to provide total zinc concentrations of 7, 12, 16, 26, 42, and 80 mg/kg diet which were determined by analysis. Each diet contained 32% crude protein, 6% lipid, and approximately 14.2 kJ of digestible energy per gram. The experimental diets were fed twice daily for 10 wk to triplicate groups of 15 hybrid striped bass initially weighing 0.86 ± 0.05 g/fish in 38‐L glass aquaria, connected as a recirculating system. Finally, after the feeding period, the fish were evaluated for weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival, as well as blood serum zinc, bone zinc, and hematocrit. All fish thrived during the feeding trial and not even the fish fed the basal diet displayed any apparent deficiency signs, although weight gain steadily increased with escalating levels of dietary zinc up to 42 mg/kg diet. On the basis of the most responsive indicators–bone zinc and serum zinc–the minimum dietary zinc requirement of hybrid striped bass was determined to be 17.0 and 17.3 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively, based on broken‐line regression. This estimate is similar in magnitude to dietary zinc requirements reported for other fish species. In addition, the bioavailability of zinc proteinate versus that of ZnSO4 was estimated by deriving the ratio of the slopes of the regression lines fitted to bone zinc and serum zinc data. This analysis indicated that hybrid striped bass utilized zinc proteinate ∼1.7 times more efficiently than ZnSO4.

Trypanosoma evansi: Levels of copper, iron and zinc in the bloodstream of infected cats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of copper, iron and zinc in blood serum of cats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Animals were divided into two groups: control and infected with T. evansi. The animals were infected with 10 8 trypomastigotes each and parasitemia was estimated daily for 56 days by microscopic examination of smears. Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated for monitoring of the disease. Serum metal levels were determined in blood samples collected at days 7, 28 and 56 of the experiment. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used to measure the levels of copper, iron and zinc. Significant differences were observed among groups ( P < 0.05). Increased levels of copper and decreased iron and zinc levels were observed. A decrease in the number of red blood cells was also observed 7 days after inoculation. Biochemical parameters were not altered. Therefore, the infection by T. evansi might alter the serum metal levels, causing metabolic disturbances in cats.

Effect of zinc sources on haematology, enzyme activity and blood serum zinc concentration in Holstein dairy cattle

Zinc (Zn) has a wide spectrum of biological activities and its deficiency has been related to various dysfunctions and alterations of normal cell metabolism (El Hendy et al., 2001). This element is a central component of hundreds of metalloenzymes which are concerned with the metabolism of feed constituents. Zn requirements of ruminants appear to be affected by dietary factors based on the variable animal responses that were observed after zinc supplementation. Supplemental zinc is usually added to animal diets in the form of zinc oxide or zinc sulphate. Recently, organically bound zinc supplements are using in diets of animals. Some researchers (Wedekind et al., 1992) have reported higher bioavailability for organically bound zinc sources than inorganic forms. Therefore, the objective of this experiment is to comparison the effects of organically bound and inorganic zinc supplements on haematological and biochemical parameters in blood serum.

Changes in the serum level of the trace elements in chronic renal

Were studied changes in the concentration of copper, iron and zinc in blood serum of one hundred patients with chronic kidney and treated dialysis blood were also measured the level of calcium kidney and phosphate Calciotropic in serum of these patients took samples of blood from these patients before and after treatment dialysis vessels as well as the statement of changes in those standards Alkimaahiatih Results were compared with twenty-five healthy people (control group)

Profile analysis of magnesium and zinc concentrations in blood serum in patients with skin cancers

One hundred and thirteen patients (52 men and 61 women) aged 31 - 84 years with skin cancer were analyzed. The concentrations of magnesium and zinc in blood serum using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) were determined in 3 groups of subjects: patients with skin cancer, blood donors, and patients suffering from disease other than neoplastic skin disorders. The dependencies of magnesium and zinc concentration changes were analyzed in all of these 3 groups. The existence of a positive correlation between these 2 elements had been found among patients suffering from skin cancers. Among those with diseases other than neoplastic, the positive correlation was weaker. Among blood donors, the correlation coefficient was negative. Among patients with skin cancer, one group was distinguished as being significantly at a higher risk of magnesium and zinc deficiency. This group was made up of manual laborers over 60 years.

Diagnostic importance of zinc in the etiologic determination of pleural effusions

Concentration of zinc in blood serum and effusion was determined in 104 patients with the pleural effusion of different etiology. The importance of zinc concentration in serum and effusion was analyzed, as well as their relation regarding the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion. It was established that the isolated zinc concentrations in serum and pleural effusion could not be used separately either in differing transudates from exudates or in the diagnosis of the pleural diseases. The average value of zinc in the pleural effusion in relation to the serum value in patients with tuberculosis effusion was 1.37, higher than 1 in all patients and was significantly different from the average value of the ratio 0.74 in patients with nonspecific and malignant pleural effusions. The relation of zinc concentration in the effusion and serum higher than 1.0 reliably indicated the presence of tuberculous pleurisy.